United Nations

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya wadda a turance ake kira da (United Nations), ko kuma a taƙaice (UN) ita ce babbar hukumar da ta haɗa ƙasashen duniya da aka kafa domin tabbatar da zaman lafiya, tsaro, da cigaban al’umma a faɗin duniya. Wannan hukuma tana nuna haɗin kai na ƙasashe masu zaman kansu da suka yarda su yi aiki tare domin cim ma manufofi na bai ɗaya da suka shafi jin daɗin bil’adama gabaɗaya.

Zan Babban Zauren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (General Assembly).

An kafa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ne bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu (1939–1945), lokacin da duniya ta fuskanci bala’in yaƙe-yaƙe, kisan gilla, da taɓarɓarewar tattalin arziki a sassa da dama na duniya. Babban manufar ƙirƙirar ta ita ce guje wa sake faruwar irin wannan mummunan yaƙi, ta hanyar kafa wata hukuma ta ƙasa da ƙasa wadda za ta ɗauki nauyin kare zaman lafiya, sasanta rikice-rikice, da tabbatar da adalci tsakanin ƙasashe.

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta maye gurbin League of Nations, wato Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya da aka kafa bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya a shekarar 1919, wadda ba ta cimma burinta na hana sake ɓarkewar yaƙi ba. Saboda haka, ƙasashen da suka yi nasara a Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu kamar Amurka, Birtaniya, Tarayyar Soviet (Rasha a yanzu), China, da Faransa; su suka jagoranci kafa sabuwar hukumar da ta fi ƙarfi da tsari.

Asalin kafuwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Tushen kafuwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya samo asali ne daga tarin yarjejeniyoyi da tattaunawar manyan ƙasashen duniya bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, domin gina wata sabuwar hukuma da za ta tabbatar da zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa da haɗin kai a tsakanin ƙasashe.

A shekarar 1941, shugaban Amurka Franklin D. Roosevelt tare da Firayim Ministan Birtaniya Winston Churchill suka fitar da Atlantic Charter, wata takarda da ta bayyana manufar gina sabuwar duniya mai zaman lafiya bayan yaƙi. Wannan takarda ta zama matakin farko da ya haifar da tunanin kafa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

Daga baya, a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1942, ƙasashe 26 suka sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da aka kira Declaration by United Nations, wadda ta ƙunshi alƙawarin ci gaba da yaƙi da ƙasashen da suka tayar da fitina (Jamani, Italiya, da Japan), tare da shirin kafa sabuwar hukuma bayan an kammala yaƙin. Wannan ne karon farko da aka yi amfani da kalmar “United Nations”, wato Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

A shekara ta 1944, aka gudanar da wani taro mai muhimmanci a Dumbarton Oaks, birnin Washington D.C., inda wakilan ƙasashe huɗu: Amurka, Birtaniya, Tarayyar Soviet, da China, suka tsara kundin tsarin mulki na hukumar da ake shirin kafawa. A nan ne aka tsara muhimman dokoki da tsare-tsaren gudanarwa, ciki har da tsarin majalisar tsaro, babban taro, da kotun duniya.

Daga ƙarshe, a watan Afrilu zuwa Yuni 1945, aka gudanar da babban taro a birnin San Francisco, inda wakilai daga ƙasashe 50 suka haɗu don tabbatar su amincewarsu da yarjejeniyar kafa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (United Nations Charter). Takardar yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi cikakkun dokoki, manufofi, da tsarin gudanarwa na hukumar.

Bayan ƙasashe 51 (ciki har da Poland, wadda aka ƙara daga baya) sun amince da wannan yarjejeniya, sai aka kafa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a hukumance ranar 24 ga Oktoba, 1945, bayan da manyan ƙasashen duniya suka rattaɓa hannu. Wannan rana ce ta zama Ranar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (United Nations Day), wadda ake tunawa da ita a kowace shekara domin girmama ranar da duniya ta amince ta yi aiki tare don zaman lafiya da ci gaba.

Tun daga lokacin kafuwarta, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta ci gaba da karɓar sabbin ƙasashe membobi yayin da tsoffin yankuna masu mulkin mallaka suka samu ‘yancin kai. Wannan ya haifar da faɗaɗar hukumar daga ƙasashe 51 zuwa 193 a yau, wanda ke nuna yadda ta zama mahaɗar kusan dukkan ƙasashen duniya.

Manufofi da ayyuka

Babban burin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya shi ne gina duniya mai zaman lafiya, adalci, da cigaba, inda kowace ƙasa ke da damar ci gaba cikin ‘yanci da mutunci. Wannan burin ya samo asali ne daga yarjejeniyar kafa Majalisar (United Nations Charter), wadda ke ƙunshe da tsare-tsare da manufofin da suka zama tubalan aikinta tun daga 1945 har zuwa yau.

Manufofin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya sun kasu zuwa fannoni daban-daban da suka shafi zaman lafiya, haƙƙin ɗan Adam, cigaban tattalin arziki, da taimako da jin ƙai. Ga bayani kan waɗannan manufofi da ayyuka:

Kiyaye zaman lafiya da tsaro a duniya

Wannan shi ne ginshiƙi mafi muhimmanci cikin dukkan manufofin Majalisar. Ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin babban dalilin kafuwar UN. Majalisar tana aiki ne don daƙile ɓarkewar yaƙe-yaƙe ta hanyar diplomasiyya, shawarwari, da tsoma bakin cikin lumana. Ta hanyar Majalisar Tsaro (Security Council), Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na iya:

• Aika sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya zuwa yankunan da ake rikici.
• Saka takunkumi kan ƙasashen da suka karya dokokin zaman lafiya.
• Tsara yarjejeniyoyin zaman lafiya tsakanin ƙasashe ko ƙungiyoyin da ke rikici.

Tun daga shekarar kafuwarta, UN ta sasanta dubban rikice-rikice kamar na Koriya, Kongo, Ruanda, Sudan, Afghanistan, da Ukraine, domin kare rayukan fararen hula da dawo da zaman lafiya.

Haɗa kan ƙasashe don zumunci da fahimtar juna

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana wanzar da haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasashe a matsayin mabuɗin zaman lafiya da ci gaba. A Babban Taro (General Assembly), duk ƙasashe membobi; manya ko ƙanana, suna da murya da kuri’a guda ɗaya, wanda ke nuna daidaito da mutunci tsakanin membobi.

Ana shirya taruka, kwamitoci, da tattaunawa da ke ƙarfafa diplomasiyya, musayar al’adu, da haɗin gwiwar siyasa, ta yadda ƙasashe za su fahimci juna, su guji rikici, su kuma yi aiki tare wajen magance matsalolin duniya.

Kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam da walwala a duniya

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya shi ne kare mutuncin ɗan Adam da ‘yancin rayuwa. A shekarar 1948, Majalisar ta fitar da Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR); wata takarda da ta zama ginshiƙi wajen kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam a duniya. Majalisar tana yaki da:

• Zalunci da cin zarafin jama’a.
• Rashin ‘yancin faɗar albarkacin baki.
• Cin zarafin mata da yara.
• Nuna wariyar launin fata ko addini.

Hukumomi kamar UNHRC (Majalisar Kare Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam) da UNICEF (Asusun Kula da Yara) suna aiwatar da waɗannan manufofi ta hanyar shirye-shirye, bincike, da tallafi.

Tallafa wa cigaban tattalin arziki da al’adu

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana da sassa da hukumomin da ke kula da bunƙasar tattalin arziki da walwala. Tana taimaka wa ƙasashe masu tasowa wajen:

• Gina masana’antu da samar da ayyukan yi.
• Inganta ilimi, noma, da fasaha.
• Samar da abinci, ruwa, da tsaftace muhalli.

Hukumomi kamar UNDP (United Nations Development Programme), UNESCO, da FAO suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta rayuwar al’umma a sassan duniya.

Bugu da ƙari, Majalisar tana tallafa wa ƙasashe su cim ma manufofin cigaba mai ɗorewa (Sustainable Development Goals – SDGs), waɗanda suka haɗa da yaƙi da talauci, kare muhalli, da samar da ilimi ga kowa.

Taimakon jin ƙai da ayyukan gaggawa

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayar da taimakon jin ƙai ga mutanen da bala’i, yaƙi, ko annoba suka shafa. Tana yin hakan ta hanyar ƙungiyoyi kamar:

• World Food Programme (WFP): shirin bayar da abinci a wuraren da ake fama da yunwa.
• UNHCR: sashe mai kula da ‘yan gudun hijira.
• WHO: sashe mai tabbatar da lafiyar jama’a a lokacin annoba.

Misali, UN ta taka rawa wajen bayar da taimako a lokutan bala’o’in duniya irin su cutar COVID-19, rikicin Syria, da bala’in yunwar Sudan ta Kudu.

Tabbatar da mulki da adalci

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana ƙarfafa wa ƙasashe su yi amfani da tsarin mulki mai adalci, gaskiya, da dimokuraɗiyya. Ta hanyar amfani da Kotun Duniya (International Court of Justice), tana taimaka wajen warware rikice-rikicen ƙasashe ta hanyar doka maimakon yaƙi.

Tsarin Gudanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Tsarin gudanarwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya yana ɗauke da sassa guda shida (6) masu muhimmanci da aka tsara tun a yarjejeniyar kafuwarta ta shekarar 1945, domin gudanar da dukkan harkokinta cikin tsari da daidaito. Kowanne daga cikin waɗannan sassa yana da bayyanannun tsari da aiki, amma duk suna  da haɗin kai wajen cim ma manufofin da aka shimfiɗa a cikin United Nations Charter. Waɗannan sassa guda shida su ne:

Babban Zaure (General Assembly)

General Assembly shi ne muryar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Wannan shi ne babban zauren tattaunawa na ƙasashe membobi, inda kowace ƙasa ke da wakilci guda ɗaya da ƙuri’a guda ɗaya, ba tare da la’akari da girma ko ƙarfin tattalin arziki ba.

A nan ake tattauna dukkan batutuwan siyasa, tattalin arziki, lafiya, ilimi, muhalli, da zaman lafiya da suka shafi duniya bakiɗaya. Ana gudanar da zaman babban zaure sau ɗaya a shekara a hedikwatar UN da ke New York, inda shuwagabannin ƙasashe da ministoci ke halarta domin gabatar da jawabi da manufofi. Babban zaure yana da ikon:

• Karɓar sabbin membobi zuwa Majalisar.
• Zartar da shawarwari, waɗanda ba doka ba ne amma suna da tasiri a siyasar duniya.
• Zaɓen membobin wasu sassa kamar Majalisar Tsaro da ECOSOC.
• Amincewa da kasafin kuɗin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

Majalisar Tsaro (Security Council)

Majalisar Tsaro ita ce sashen da ke da aiki mafi muhimmanci, kiyaye zaman lafiya da tsaro a duniya. Tana da mambobi 15, inda biyar (5) daga cikinsu suke da matsayin membobin dindindin tare da veto power. Waɗannan ƙasashe biyar su ne:

• Amurka (United States)
• Birtaniya (United Kingdom)
• Faransa (France)
• Rasha (Russia)
• China.

Sauran ƙasashe goma (10) ana zaɓensu ne a duk bayan shekaru biyu daga sauran membobin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Ayyukan majalisar tsaro sun haɗa da:

• Yanke shawara kan rikice-rikicen ƙasashe.
• Aika sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya.
• Saka takunkumi ga ƙasashen da suka karya dokokin duniya.
• Amincewa da amfani da ƙarfin soja idan ya zama dole domin kare zaman lafiya.

Sakamakon veto power, kowace daga cikin ƙasashe biyar na iya ƙin amincewa da shawara, wanda hakan ke hana ta zama doka, al’amari da ake ganin yana da tasiri sosai kan siyasar duniya.

Kwamitin Gudanarwa (Secretariat)

Kwamitin Gudanarwa shi ne sashen da ke aiwatar da ayyukan yau da kullum na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Ana kallon shi a matsayin sashen gudanarwa na UN.

Ana jagorantar wannan sashi ga Sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (Secretary-General), wanda shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa kuma wakilin duniya bakiɗaya. Ana zaɓar Sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ne na zangon mulki mai shekaru biyar (5), kuma ana iya sabunta wa’adinsa sau ɗaya. Ayyukan kwamitin gudanarwa sun haɗa da:

• Shirya taruka da zaman majalisar.
• Aiwatar da shawarwarin da sauran sassa suka yanke.
• Tsara rahotanni da nazari kan matsalolin duniya.
• Gudanar da ma’aikatan UN a sassan duniya daban-daban.

Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Walwala (Economic and Social Council – ECOSOC)

ECOSOC ita ce majalisar da ke da alhakin kula da cigaban tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, da al’adu a cikin ƙasashe membobi. Tana haɗa wakilai daga ƙasashe 54, waɗanda ake zaɓar su na wa’adin shekaru uku (3). Ayyukanta sun haɗa da:

• Tattaunawa da tsara manufofin cigaba.
• Kula da ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa kamar WHO, UNESCO, FAO, da sauransu.
• Taimaka wa ƙasashe masu tasowa wajen yaƙi da talauci, rashin ilimi, da cututtuka.
• Tattaunawa kan batutuwan muhalli da kula da yanayi.

ECOSOC ita ce ginshiƙin aiwatar da manufofin cigaba masu ɗorewa (Sustainable Development Goals – SDGs) na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya.

Kotun Duniya (International Court of Justice – ICJ)

Kotun Duniya ita ce babbar kotun shari’a ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, wadda ke zaune a The Hague, ƙasar Netherlands. An kafa ta ne domin warware rikice-rikicen doka tsakanin ƙasashe cikin lumana.

Kotun tana da alƙalai 15, waɗanda ake zaɓar su na tsawon shekaru tara (9) a babban zaure da majalisar tsaro. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da:

• Warware rikice-rikicen kan iyakoki, yarjejeniyoyi, da haƙƙin ruwa.
• Bayar da shawarar doka ga sauran sassa na majalisar ɗinkin duniya.
• Kare dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa (international law) da tabbatar da adalci tsakanin ƙasashe.

Majalisar Kula da Yankunan Mulkin Mallaka (Trusteeship Council)

Majalisar Kula da Yankunan Mulkin Mallaka an kafa ta domin sa ido kan yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin mulkin mallaka ko kulawar wata ƙasa, har sai sun samu ‘yancin kai. A lokacin kafuwarta, ta kasance tana da yankuna goma sha ɗaya (11) da take kula da su. A yayin da waɗannan yankuna suka sami ‘yancin kansu daga baya, musamman bayan shekarar 1994, majalisar ta kammala aikinta gabaɗaya.

Yanzu, wannan majalisar ba ta da aiki kai tsaye, amma ana iya kiran ta idan an buƙaci gyara tsarin ƙasashe ko yankunan da ke cikin rikici.

Membobin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

A lokacin da aka kafa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya a shekarar 1945, ƙasashe 51 ne kawai suka kasance membobinta na farko. Waɗannan su ne ƙasashen da suka rattaɓa hannu kan yarjejeniyar kafa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya (UN Charter) bayan taron da aka gudanar a San Francisco.

Tun daga wancan lokaci, adadin membobi ya ƙaru matuƙa sakamakon samun ‘yancin kai na ƙasashen da suka fito daga tsoffin yankunan mulkin mallaka, musamman a nahiyar Afirka da Asiya. Duk lokacin da wata ƙasa ta sami cikakken ‘yanci kuma ta nuna niyyar shiga, tana iya samun cikakkiyar dama ta hanyar amincewar Babban zaure bisa shawarwarin majalisar tsaro (security council).

A halin yanzu, wato zuwa shekarar 2025, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana da ƙasashe 193 a matsayin cikakkun membobi. Wannan ya sa ta zama hukumar duniya mafi faɗi da ta haɗa kusan dukkan ƙasashen da ke doron ƙasa. Har ila yau, akwai wasu ƙasashe guda biyu: Vatican da Palestine, da ke da matsayin mazauna masu lura, wato suna da wakilci amma ba su da cikakken ikon kuri’a.

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana amfani da harshen hukuma guda shida (6): Turanci (English), Faransanci (French), Sifaniyanci (Spanish), Rashanci (Russian), Sinanci (Chinese), da Larabci (Arabic). Wannan tsarin yare yana tabbatar da adalci da fahimtar juna tsakanin ƙasashe membobi.

Hedikwatar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Babban ofishin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya yana birnin New York, ƙasar Amurka, wanda aka buɗe a hukumance a shekara ta 1952. Hedikwatar tana ɗauke da manyan gine-gine guda huɗu da ke zama cibiyar gudanar da taruka da ayyukan ƙasa da ƙasa. A nan ne ake gudanar da zaman babban zaure (general assembly) da kuma tarurrukan majalisar tsaro (security council).

Baya ga hedikwatar da ke New York, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana da manyan ofisoshi guda uku na ƙasa da ƙasa da ke taimakawa wajen gudanar da ayyukanta:

• Geneva, Switzerland – Cibiyar ayyuka kan kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam, lafiyar jama’a, da ci gaban tattalin arziki (inda hukumomi kamar WHO da ILO ke aiki).
• Vienna, Austria – Cibiyar da ke kula da batutuwan makamashi, amfani da makamashin nukiliya cikin lumana, da yaƙi da safarar miyagun ƙwayoyi (tare da IAEA da UNODC).
• Nairobi, Kenya – Cibiyar ayyukan muhalli da ci gaba da ɗorewa (inda UNEP da UN-Habitat suke).

Waɗannan ofisoshi suna tabbatar da cewa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana gudanar da aikinta a dukkan yankuna na duniya cikin adalci, haɗin kai, da rarraba ayyuka bisa buƙatun kowace ƙasa.

Sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Sakataren Ɗinkin Duniya (Secretary-General) shi ne babban jami’in gudanarwa mai kula da aiwatar da manufofi, shawarwari, da tsare-tsaren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da jagorantar tattaunawa tsakanin ƙasashe membobi, shiga tsakani a rikice-rikicen ƙasa da ƙasa, da kuma tabbatar da cewa sassan majalisar suna gudanar da aikinsu bisa tanadin dokar hukumar.

Ana zaɓar Sakataren Ɗinkin Duniya ta hanyar shawarwarin Majalisar Tsaro, sannan Babban Zaure (General Assembly) ke tabbatar da zabensa. Yawanci ana ba shi wa’adin mulki na shekaru biyar (5), kuma ana iya sabunta shi sau ɗaya idan ƙasashe membobi suka amince.

A cikin tarihin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, mutane da dama daga sassa daban-daban na duniya sun rike wannan muƙami, kuma kowannensu ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya da cigaba.

Jerinin wasu daga cikin Sakataren Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tun kafuwar Majalisar:

• Trygve Lie (1946–1952) – ɗan ƙasar Norway, shi ne sakataren farko.
• Dag Hammarskjöld (1953–1961) – ɗan ƙasar Sweden, wanda aka yabawa bisa jajircewarsa kafin rasuwarsa a hatsarin jirgi yayin aiki.
• U Thant (1961–1971) – daga ƙasar Burma (Myanmar), wanda ya taimaka wajen warware rikice-rikicen Cold War.
• Kurt Waldheim (1972–1981) – ɗan ƙasar Austria.
• Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (1982–1991) – daga ƙasar Peru.
• Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1992–1996) – ɗan ƙasar Masar (Egyptian), wanda ya jagoranci Majalisar a lokacin rikice-rikicen Yugoslavia da Rwanda.
• Kofi Annan (1997–2006) – ɗan ƙasar Ghana, ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun Sakatarorin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, kuma mai lambar yabo ta Nobel ta zaman lafiya.
• Ban Ki-moon (2007–2016) – daga ƙasar Koriya ta Kudu, wanda ya mai da hankali kan batun canjin yanayi da cigaba mai ɗorewa.
• António Guterres (2017–yanzu, 2025) – ɗan ƙasar Portugal, wanda ya fara aiki a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 2017. Kafin haka, ya kasance Firayim Ministan Portugal (1995–2002) da kuma Babban Kwamishinan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kan ‘Yan Gudun Hijira (UNHCR).

Hukumomin na Musamman (Specialized Agencies)

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana da alaƙa ta musamman da jerin hukumomin da ake kira “specialized agencies”, waɗanda ke da ‘yancin gudanarwa amma suna aiki ƙarƙashin jagoranci da tsari na majalisar. Waɗannan hukumomi suna taimaka wa majalisar ɗinkin duniya wajen aiwatar da manufofinta a fannoni daban-daban na rayuwa kamar lafiya, ilimi, tattalin arziki, noma, yara, da dai sauransu.

Waɗannan hukumomi suna da dokokinsu, tsarin mulki, da kasafin kuɗi na kansu, amma suna ba da rahoto ga Majalisar Tattalin Arziki da Walwala (ECOSOC) ko kuma kai tsaye ga Babban Zaure (General Assembly). Ga wasu daga cikin manyan hukumomin da ke ƙarƙashin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya:

WHO – Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (World Health Organization)

An kafa ta a shekara ta 1948 domin kula da lafiyar al’umma a duniya. Hedikwatarta tana Geneva, Switzerland. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da yaƙi da cututtuka, samar da rigakafi, inganta kiwon lafiya, da tallafawa ƙasashe wajen gina tsarin lafiya mai ɗorewa. WHO ce ke kula da matakan gaggawa kan cututtuka kamar COVID-19, Ebola, da Maleriya.

UNESCO – Hukumar Ilimi, Kimiyya da Al’adu ta Duniya (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)

An kafa ta a 1945, kuma hedikwatarta tana Paris, Faransa. Manufarta ita ce ƙarfafa haɗin kai tsakanin ƙasashe ta hanyar ilimi, kimiyya, da al’adu. Haka kuma tana kula da wuraren tarihi da al’adu na duniya (World Heritage Sites) da kuma inganta ilimin zaman lafiya.

FAO – Hukumar Abinci da Noma (Food and Agriculture Organization)

An kafa ta a 1945, hedikwatarta tana Rome, Italiya. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da yaki da yunwa, inganta hanyoyin samar da abinci, da bunƙasa noma da kiwo a duniya. FAO na taimaka wa ƙasashe masu tasowa wajen samar da abinci mai ɗorewa da kuma kula da albarkatun ƙasa.

ILO – Hukumar Ma’aikata ta Duniya (International Labour Organization)

An kafa ta a 1919, kafin ma Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, amma daga baya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin hukumomin haɗin gwiwa a ƙarƙashin UN. Hedikwatarta tana Geneva, Switzerland. ILO tana kula da haƙƙin ma’aikata, inganta yanayin aiki, da tabbatar da adalci da daidaito tsakanin ma’aikata a duniya.

UNICEF – Asusun Kula da Yara (United Nations Children’s Fund)

An kafa ta a 1946 bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu domin taimakawa yaran da yaƙi ya shafa. Hedikwatarta tana New York, Amurka. A yau, UNICEF tana ba da tallafi ga yaran duniya wajen samun abinci, kiwon lafiya, ilimi, da kare haƙƙinsu, musamman a ƙasashe masu fama da talauci da rikice-rikice.

IMF – Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (International Monetary Fund)

An kafa shi a 1944, a taron Bretton Woods, kuma hedikwatarsa tana Washington D.C., Amurka.
IMF yana da alhakin kula da daidaiton tattalin arzikin ƙasashe ta hanyar ba su lamuni, shawarwari, da goyon bayan kuɗi lokacin da suka shiga matsin tattalin arziki.

World Bank – Babban Bankin Duniya

An kafa shi a lokaci ɗaya da IMF, wato 1944, kuma hedikwatarsa tana Washington D.C., Amurka. Manufarsa ita ce ba da bashi mai sauƙi da tallafi ga ƙasashe masu tasowa domin gina tituna, makarantu, asibitoci, da sauran muhimman ayyukan raya ƙasa.

Baya ga waɗannan hukumomi, akwai kuma wasu hukumomin kamar WTO (World Trade Organization), IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency), da ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) waɗanda ke da alaƙa ta kusa da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya wajen tafiyar da harkokin duniya.

Nasarorin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Tun daga kafuwarta a shekara ta 1945, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kasance ginshiƙi mai ƙarfi wajen samar da zaman lafiya, ci gaba, da haɗin kan ƙasashe a fadin duniya. Rawar da take takawa ta shafi fannoni da dama na rayuwa kama daga siyasa zuwa tattalin arziki, daga lafiya zuwa ilimi, da daga taimakon jin ƙai zuwa kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Ga wasu muhimman fannoni da ke nuna irin tasirin da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ke da shi a duniya:

Hana barkewar yaƙe-yaƙe da rikice-rikice

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin kafuwar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya shi ne hana barkewar yaƙe-yaƙe da ƙarfafa zaman lafiya a duniya. Ta hanyar majalisar tsaro, United Nations tana shiga tsakani tsakanin ƙasashe masu rikici, tana gabatar da yarjejeniyoyi, da kuma sanya takunkumai ga waɗanda suka take dokokin duniya. Wannan tsarin ya taimaka wajen rage yawaitar yaƙe-yaƙe bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu.

Rundunar masu kiyaye zaman lafiya (UN Peacekeepers)

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana da rundunar dakaru masu kiyaye zaman lafiya, wato peacekeepers, waɗanda ake aikawa zuwa ƙasashe masu fama da rikici domin tsare lafiya da tabbatar da bin yarjejeniyoyin sulhu. Waɗannan rundunoni sun haɗa sojoji, ‘yan sanda, da ma’aikatan farar hula daga ƙasashe daban-daban. Sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a ƙasashe kamar Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sudan (Darfur), Lebanon, da Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Taimakon jin kai da tallafi ga mabuƙata

Ta hanyar hukumominta kamar UNICEF, UNHCR, WFP, da WHO, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana ba da taimakon gaggawa ga miliyoyin mutane da ke fama da bala’o’i irin su yunwa, ambaliya, yaƙe-yaƙe, da annoba. Misali, ta taka rawar gani wajen yaƙi da cututtuka kamar COVID-19, Ebola, da Polio, tare da samar da abinci da ruwan sha ga yankuna masu fama da fari da rikice-rikice.

Tallafawa cigaban ƙasashe masu tasowa

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana taimaka wa ƙasashe masu tasowa su samu cigaba ta hanyar shirye-shirye kamar United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), wanda ke mayar da hankali kan:

• Ilimi da horar da matasa
• Kiwon lafiya da kariyar muhalli
• Gina ababen more rayuwa
• Inganta tsarin mulki da shugabanci nagari.

Haka kuma, ta ɓullo da manufofin cigaba mai dorewa (Sustainable Development Goals – SDGs) a shekara ta 2015, domin tabbatar da cewa duniya ta kai matakin cigaba da daidaito zuwa shekara ta 2030.

Kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam

Ta hanyar hukumar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam (UN Human Rights Council), Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana tsayawa wajen ganin an kare ‘yancin bil’adama a ko’ina. Tana binciken take haƙƙin ɗan Adam, tana sa ido kan gwamnatoci, kuma tana ɗaukar matakai ga waɗanda ke aikata laifukan yaƙi, kisan kare dangi, ko zalunci ga jama’a.

Inganta ilimi, kimiyya, da muhalli

Ayyukan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya sun haɗa da bunkasa ilimi da al’adu ta hannun UNESCO, da kuma kare muhalli da kyautata tsarin birane ta hannun UNEP da UN-Habitat. Wadannan shirye-shirye suna taimaka wa bil’adama wajen kasancewa cikin zaman lafiya da daidaito da yanayin muhalli.

Saboda waɗannan ayyuka, Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta zama tushen haɗin kai da aminci tsakanin ƙasashe. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen gina sabuwar duniya da ke dogara kan adalci, fahimtar juna, da ci gaba mai dorewa.

Ƙalubalen Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya

Kodayake Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da zaman lafiya da cigaba a duniya, amma duk da haka tana fuskantar ƙalubale da dama da ke rage tasirinta a wasu lokuta. Waɗannan ƙalubale sun haɗa da:

Rashin daidaito a majalisar tsaro

Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana da ƙasashe guda biyar da ke da ikon veto power, wato ikon hana yanke hukunci ko shawara ta amincewa, ko da sauran ƙasashe sun goyi bayan ta. Waɗannan ƙasashe su ne Amurka, Rasha, China, Birtaniya da Faransa. Wannan tsarin yana haifar da rashin daidaito saboda ra’ayin kowace daga cikinsu na iya dakatar da matakin da zai taimaka wajen kawo zaman lafiya.

Dogaro da ƙasashe masu ƙarfi wajen kuɗi da tsaro

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya tana dogaro da kuɗin da ƙasashe membobi ke bayarwa, musamman ƙasashe masu arziki. Idan waɗannan ƙasashe suka jinkirta biyan kuɗi ko suka janye goyon baya, hakan kan shafi ayyukan majalisar. Haka kuma, yawanci ƙasashen da ke da ƙarfi ne ke bayar da kayan aiki da runduna ga masu kiyaye zaman lafiya.

Rashin aiwatar da hukunci da sauri

A lokuta da dama, ana ɗaukar dogon lokaci kafin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yanke hukunci ko ta ɗauki mataki, musamman idan akwai saɓani tsakanin ƙasashen da ke da iko. Wannan jinkirin kan haifar da ƙara taɓarɓarewar rikici.

Tsoma bakin siyasa daga ƙasashe masu iko

Wasu ƙasashe masu ƙarfin tattalin arziki da soja kan yi amfani da tasirinsu wajen karkatar da ayyukan majalisar domin kare muradansu. Wannan yana rage adalci da amincewa daga sauran ƙasashe ƙanana.

Rashin isasshen iko wajen aiwatar da doka

Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ba ta da cikakken iko a kan ƙasashe membobinta. Idan wata ƙasa ta ƙi bin shawarar da aka yanke, babu wani tabbacin cewa za a iya tilasta mata. Wannan na nuna cewa ikon majalisar yana takaita ne ga fahimtar juna da amincewa.

Rikice-rikicen cikin gida da rashin haɗin kai

Wasu lokuta, ƙungiyoyi da sassan majalisar suna yin aiki ba tare da cikakken daidaito ba. Rashin haɗin kai tsakanin sassan gudanarwa, ƙungiyoyin taimako, da hukumomi na musamman kan rage ingancin sakamako.

Matsalolin kuɗi da rashin ɗorewa

Yawancin shirye-shiryen tallafi, cigaba, da ayyukan jin ƙai suna dogaro da gudummawa. Idan gudummawa ta ragu, ayyukan sukan tsaya ko su yi rauni.

Manazarta

Fasulo, L. (2021). An insider’s guide to the UN (4th ed.). Yale University Press.

United Nations. (2024). About the United Nations. United Nations.

United Nations, Department of Global Communications. (2023). Basic facts about the United Nations (43rd ed.). United Nations Publications.

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). (2024). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).United Nations Development Programme

World Health Organization (WHO). (2024). WHO and the United Nations system. WHO.

Tarihin Wallafa Maƙalar

An wallafa maƙalar 23 October, 2025

An kuma sabunta ta 23 October, 2025

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