Vatican

Vatican ita ce ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanta a duniya. Wannan ƙasa ko kuma birni na Vatican ya kasance wani yanki ne na ƙasar Roma tun tsawon lokaci (kimanin shekaru 200), ya kuma sami ‘yancin kai a cikin shekarar 1929 kuma tun wannan lokacin ake gudanar da shi a matsayin cikakkiyar masarauta wacce Paparoma shugabanta. Faɗin wannan ƙasa bai fi a kewaye ta cikin ‘yan sa’o’i kaɗan ba a tafiyar mota.

Takaitaccen bayani game da Vatican

• Wuri: Tana gefen yamma da Kogin Tiber a Roma, Italiya.
• Girma: Tana da faɗin murabba’in kilomita 0.44 (kilomita 0.17)
• Yawan jama’a: Vatican tana da yawan jama’a kusan mutane 825
• Gwamnati: Ana gudanar da birnin Vatican a matsayin cikakkiyar masarauta da Paparoma ke shugabanta
• Addini: Kiristanci ɗarikar Katolika
• Al’adu da fasaha: Vatican ta yi suna don kayan fasaha da gine-gine, ciki har da dandalin St. Peter Basilica da Sistine Chapel.
• Yancin kai: Birnin Vatican ya sami ‘yancin kai a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu na 1929 ta hanyar yarjejeniyar Lateran.
• Tattalin arziki: Birnin Vatican yana buga nasa kuɗin Yuro, yana buga tambarin kansa, kuma yana gudanar da nasa kafofin watsa labarai.

Muhimman lokuta a tarihin Vatican

• A shekarar 1506: Aka kafa ginshiƙin St. Peter’s Basilica (ɗaya daga cikin mahimman wuraren ibada kuma ɗaya daga cikin manyan gine-gine na duniya).
• A shekarar 1512: Aka kammala zane-zane na Michelangelo a kan rufin Sistine Chapel kuma aka haska shi ga jama’a a karon farko.
• A shekarar 1626: Aka gina Basilica na St. Peter, coci mafi girma a duk faɗin duniya.
• A shekarar 1929: Aka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Lateran tsakanin Paparoma Pius XI da shugaban Italiya Benito Mussolini wanda ya bayyana birnin Vatican a matsayin ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta inda ta zama ƙasa mafi ƙanƙanta a duniya.
• A shekarar 1934: Aka buɗe tashar jirgin ƙasa ta farko da kadai.
• A shekarar 1950: Paparoma Pius XII ya bayyana shekara mai tsarki
• A shekarar 1943: A lokacin yaƙin duniya na 2, birnin Vatican ya kasance a tsaka-tsaki yayin da sojojin Jamus suka mamaye birnin Rome, amma ba a mamaye birnin Vatican ba.
• A shekarar 1984: Amurka da Vatican suka ƙulla cikakkiyar dangantakar diflomasiya bayan shekaru 117.

Vatican masarautar Paparoma

Tarihin Vatican a matsayin mazaunin Cocin Katolika ya fara ne da gina dandalin Basilica a kan kabarin St. Peter a Roma cikin ƙarni na 4 AD. Yankin ya zama sanannen wurin ibada da gundumar kasuwanci, kodayake an yi watsi da shi bayan mayar da cocin Paparoma zuwa Faransa a shekarar 1309. Bayan da ta dawo a shekarar 1377, sanannen wuraren tarihi na St. an gina dandalin Basilica a cikin iyakokin birni.

Wurin da ke gefen yammacin kogin Tiber wanda ya ƙunshi Vatican ya kasance yanki mai dausayi da ake kira Ager Vaticanus. A cikin shekarun farko na Daular Romawa, ya zama yankin mulki mai cike da gidaje masu tsada, da kuma wuraren zama da aka gina a cikin lambun mahaifiyar sarki Caligula. Bayan da aka samu tashin hankali da yawa a Roma a shekara ta 64 A.D, sarkin Nero ya kashe St. Peter da wasu ’yan bangar kiristoci a gindin Tsaunin Vatican, inda aka binne su a wani wuri mai suna Necropolis.

Bayan da ya rungumi Kiristanci tare da Dokar Milan a shekarar 313, Sarkin Constantine na farko ya fara gina ginin dandalin Basilica a kan kabarin St. Peter a shekara ta 324. Dandalin St. Peter Basilica ya zama cibiyar ibada ga mahajjatan Kiristoci, wanda ya kai ga samar da gidaje ga limaman coci da kuma samar da kasuwa wadda ta zama gundumar kasuwanci na Borgo.

Bayan harin da ‘yan fashin teku na Saracen suka kai wanda ya lalata dandalin St. Peter a shekara ta 846, Paparoma Leo IV ya ba da umarnin gina ganuwa don kare Basilica mai tsarki da kewayenta. An kammala aikin a shekara ta 852, katangar mai tsawon ƙafa 39 ta rufe abin da aka buɗe birnin Leonine, yanki da ya mamaye Vatican a yanzu da kuma gundumar Borgo. Ganuwar na ci gaba da faɗaɗa kuma ana gyara ta har zuwan mulkin Paparoma Urban VIII a cikin  shekarun 1640s.

Kodayake Paparoma ya saba zama a fadar Lateran da ke kusa, Paparoma Symmachus ya gina wani wurin zama kusa da St. Peter a farkon ƙarni na 6. Eugene III da Innocent III sun faɗaɗa shi ɗaruruwan shekaru da suka gabata, kuma a cikin shekarar 1277 aka haɗa hanyar wucewa mai tsawon rabin mil don damar zuwa Castel Sant’Angelo. Sai dai, an yi watsi da gine-ginen tare da canja wurin zaman cocin Paparoma zuwa Avignon, Faransa, a shekara ta 1309, kuma a cikin rabin ƙarni na gaba birnin ya faɗa cikin lalacewa.

Bayan da Cocin Katolika ta dawo a shekara ta 1377, limaman coci sun yi ƙoƙari su maido da haske a birnin. Nicholas V, wajejen shekarar 1450 ya fara gina Fadar Apostolic, daga ƙarshe ta zama gidan magajinsa na dindindin, kuma tarin littattafansa ya zama tushen ɗakin karatu na Vatican.

An sami gagarumin canje-canje a birnin Vatican bayan Julius II ya zama Paparoma a shekara ta 1503. Julius ya umarci Michelangelo ya zana silin Sistine Chapel a shekara ta 1508, kuma ya zana gine-gine Donato Bramante ya zana filin Belvedere. Paparoma ya kuma zaɓi ya ruguza cocin St. Peter Basilica mai shekaru 1,200 da kuma sa Bramante ya gina sabuwa a wurinsa.

Mutuwar Julius a shekara ta 1513 da Bramante a shekara ta gaba sun haifar da takaddama ta tsawon shekaru a kan yadda za a ci gaba da aikin, har sai da Michelangelo ya ƙare wa’adinsa a cikin 1547 tare da zaɓin bin tsarin asali na Bramante. Giacomo della Porta ya kammala ginin St. Peter a cikin shekarar 1590, kuma ya yi aiki babba mai tsari a ƙarshe ya kammala a 1626. Tsayin ginin ya kai ƙafa 452 da faɗinsa da kai kadada 5.7,  ginin St. Peter’s ya kasance a matsayin babbar coci a duniya har zuwa kammala ta Ivory Coast, Basilica of Yamoussoukro of Our Lady a shekarar 1989.

Gidajen tarihi na birnin Vatican sun samo asali ne daga tarin ayyukan sassaka na Julius II, farkon hotonsa da Paparoma Clement XIV ya bayyana wa jama’a a shekarar 1773 kuma Paparoma Pius na VI ya faɗaɗa shi. Fafaromomin da suka biyo baya sun ci gaba da ƙarfafa shahararrun tarin abubuwan tarihi cikin shekaru da yawa, tare da Gidan Tarihi na Masarawa na Gregorian, Gidan Tarihi na Ethnological da Tarin fasahar Addini na zamani a cikin ƙari.

Paparomomi a al’adance sun rike iko a kan yankunan yankin da ake kira Papal States har zuwa 1870, lokacin da hadaddiyar gwamnatin Italiya ta yi ikirarin mallakar kusan dukkanin filayen da ke wajen birnin. An samu takun-saka tsakanin majami’a da gwamnati na tsawon shekaru 60, har sai da aka cim ma yerjejeniyar Lateran a watan Fabrairun 1929. Benito Mussolini ya sanya hannu a madadin sarki Victor Emmanuel III, yerjejeniyar ta kafa birnin Vatican a matsayin wata hukuma mai cikakken iko da ta bambanta, kuma ta ba cocin dala miliyan 92 a matsayin diyya ga asarar da aka yi wa jihohin Papal.

Vatican ta kasance gidan Paparoma da Romawa, kuma cibiyar addini ga mabiya ɗarikar Katolika kusan biliyan 1.2. Ƙasa mafi ƙanƙantar mai cin gashin kanta a duniya, tana faɗin kadada 109 tsakanin iyakar mil 2, kuma tana da ƙarin wasu kadada 160 na a wurare masu nisa. Tare da gine-gine da lambuna da aka gina a wasu ƙarnoni suka gabata. Vatican tana kula da tsarinta na banki da tarho, ofishin gidan waya, kantunan magani, gidan jarida, da gidajen rediyo da talabijin. ‘Yan kasarta 600 sun haɗa da ma’aikatan Tsaron Swiss.

Manazarta

Editors. (2025, February 17). Vatican City. HISTORY.com

History of Vatican | How the Vatican City came into being. (2025, April 16). thevaticantickets.com.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2025f, June 2). Vatican City | History, map, flag, location, population, & facts. Encyclopedia Britannica.

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