Zazzabin cizon sauro, wato malaria a Turance, cuta ce da take damun mutanen duniya, musamman mutanen Afrika, kuma wannan cuta tana ɗaya daga cikin cututtukan da suke damun mutanen Nigeria. Tana iya shafar yara, manya, tsofaffi, maza da kuma mata.
Ma’anar cutar malaria
Maleriya cuta ce wadda take saka zazzaɓi da ciwon jiki,waɗanda za mu yi bayaninsu a nan gaba kaɗan.
Yadda ake kamuwa da malaria
Asalin abinda yake janyo cutar shi ne shigar wata ƙwayar halitta da ake kira “plasmodium” cikin jinin mutum. Ita wannan plasmodium ba ta shiga jinin mutum kai tsaye sai ta hanyar sauro. Ma’ana dai, sauro shi ne wanda yake yaɗa wannan ƙwayar halittar plasmodium.
Shi sauro yana yaɗa wannan cutar ne a tsakanin mutane (daga mutum zuwa wani mutum daban) a yayin da yake neman abinci, wato jini.
Alamomin cutar malaria
Idan sauro ya ciji mutum, kuma ya saka masa wannan plasmodium ɗin a cikin jininsa, to ba a lokacin zai fara jin alamun ciwon ba, har sai bayan wasu kwanaki.
Alamomin ciwon sun haɗa da:
- Zazzaɓi
- Ciwon kai
- Jiki yana ciwo
- Gaboɓi suna ciwo
- Kasala
- Amai
Idan cutar ta yi tsanani, zata iya haddasa:
- Fita daga hayyaci
- Jijjiga
- ƙarancin jini
- Rasa rai da sauransu
Hanyoyin kariya daga cutar malaria
Kamar yadda aka yi bayani a baya, ita wannan cuta dai sauro ne yake yaɗa ta. Don haka duk wata hanya da mutum zai bi don yaƙar sauro, to wannan hanyar zata iya kare shi daga samun wannan cutar.
Waɗannan hanyoyi sun haɗa da:
(1) Hana sauro haihuwa
(2) ka hana sauro ya cije ka (ya sha jininka)
(3) Kashe Sauron
Hana sauro haihuwa:
Gyara kwatoci: A daina barin ruwa yana zama a cikin kwatoci ba tare da ya na gudana ba. Sannan kuma a rufe kwatocin. A dena barin ruwa ya daɗe a buɗe a cikin muzubi.
Yadda zaka hana sauro ya cije ka:
Amfani da gidan sauro (wato insecticide net), ma’ana kwana a cikin gidan sauro.
Yadda za’a kashe sauro:
Amfani da maganin sauro na fesawa ko kuma na hayaƙi. Abinda ya kamata mutum ya yi idan ya ji alamun cutar.
Matakan da za a bi idan an ji alamun cutar
1. Idan akwai zazzaɓi, musamman a yara ƙanana, to sai a samu tsumman zani ko tawul a tsoma shi a ruwa (ba ruwan zafi ba, ba kuma ruwan sanyi ba), kamar dai ruwan fanfo.
Sannan sai a matse ruwan, sai a cirewa yaron rigar sa, sannan sai a riƙa ɗan daddana jiƙaƙƙen tsummman a jikin yaron (ko ina da ina) musamman inda yafi zafi. Za’a yi ta maimaita haka, har sai jikin yayi sanyi (zazzaɓin ya sauka).
2. Ai maza a garzaya asibiti.
Abubuwa masu mahimmanci
Malaria daban, Typhoid daban. Zan yi bayanin zazzaɓin Typhoid nan gaba. Amma dai yakamata a sani cewa malaria ba ɗaya take da typhoid ba. Typhoid ta yi ƙaranci a cikin al’ummar mu matuƙa da gaske musamman idan aka kwatanta ta da malaria.
A guji yin allura da zarar ana zazzaɓi. An fiso asha ƙwayar magani idan ana zazzabi saboda yin allura kan iya haifar da wasu matsalolin.
A guji yin allurar jijiya idan ana yin zazzaɓi. Allurar jijiya tana da haɗari ƙwarai da gaske. Tana iya haifar da matsaloli iri daban-daban. Idan aka yi kuskure, mutum zai iya rasa ransa.
Sai an samu ƙwaƙƙwaran dalili, likita yake umarni ayi allurar jijiya, kuma idan za ayi, to sai ƙwararren me yin allura ne zai yi (Nurse ko likita).
Karin Bayani
Ana bayyana sauro na daga cikin ƙwaro mafi hatsari a doron ƙasa. Hakan kuwa ya faru ne saboda ganin cewa shi ne yake jawo cututtuka munana irin su zazzaɓin malaria da ke kashe miliyoyin mutane a faɗin Afirka da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa. Kazalika, baya ga maleriya, akwai wasu munanan cututtukan da cizon sauro ke iya jawowa muku.
Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
Ciwon Tundurmi (Elephantiasis)
Bincike ya gano cewa nau’o’in sauro daban-daban ke yaɗa waɗannan tsutsotsi ko tanoni. Hukumar Lafiya Ta Duniya ta ce kusan mutum miliyan 893 ne a kasashen faɗin Afirka wannan cutar ke yi wa barazana.
Ciwon Tundurmi na sa ƙafar mutum ta kumbura suntum, sakamakon samun wajen zama da tana ko wasu ƙanana tsutsotsi ke a ƙafar mutum
Sauro yana iya sanya wa wani cutar ta hanyar baza masa wannan tana da ya ɗauko daga jikin mai ɗauke da ita.
Bincike ya gano cewa nau’o’in sauro daban-daban ke yaɗa waɗannan tsutsotsi. Idan wanann tana ta shiga jikin mutum, sai ta samu hanyar shigewa can cikin jikin mutum inda take hayayyafar miliyoyin ƴaƴaye da ake kira ‘microfilariae’ a hanyar da jini ke bi.
Wannan yanayi na ci gaba da yaɗuwa ta yadda zai haifar da tana da yawa a jikin mutum. Daga nan sai tanar ta taru ta je ta toshe babbar jijiyar jini.
Toshewar ce ke jawo kumburi a sassan jiki da abin ya shafa kamar su ƙafafu da hannaye da sauran su.
Wani bincike na Jami’ar Stanford University sun gano cewa, “ba a iya warkewa daga cutar tundrmi gaba ɗaya sai dai a yi ta magani don samun sauƙi.”
Amma dai ana iya shan magunguna don rage ƙarfin ciwon da rage yawan ƙwayar cutar a cikin jini. Hakan zai hana kumburin da kuma rage barazanar yaɗa cutar ga wasu.
Malaria: Yadda ake fama da ƙarancin maganin cutar a Jigawa.
Cutar shawara
A watan Nuwamban 2020 an samu ɓarkewar cutar shawara da ta yi sanadin mutuwar mutum 15 a wasu yankunan jihohin Delta da Enugu a kudancin Najeriya.
Sauro dangin Aedes da Haemogogus ne suke yaɗa cutar shawara. Irin wannan nau’in sauron sun fi cizon mutum da rana.
Ƙwararru sun ce mutum zai fara rashin lafiya bayan kwana uku zuwa shida da kamuwa da cutar, kuma idan ba a gano ta da wuri ba, mutum na iya mutuwa bayan kwana bakwai zuwa 10.
Ana bai wa marar lafiyan kulawa da magani da sa ido a kansa har sai cutar ta tafi.”
Babu wani taƙamaimen maganin Cutar Shawara, amma ana yin riga-kafin hana kamuwa da ita, kwana 10 bayan haihuwar mutum.
A Najeriya ma akwai dokar da aka saka cewa babu wanda zai yi tafiya zuwa wata ƙasar ba tare da shaidar cewa an yi masa riga-kafinta .
Cutar Zika
Cutar Zika na ta sa a haifi jariri da ɗan ƙaramin kai. An fara gano ƙwayar cutar Zika ne a jikin birrai a Uganda a shekarar 1947. Daga baya aka gano ta a jikin ɗan adam a shekarar 1952 a Uganda da Tanzaniya.
Wani sauro nau’iin Aedes ne ke yaɗa ta, amma kuma ana iya yaɗa ta ma ta hanyar jima’i, sannan uwa na iya yaɗa ta ga jaririnta.
Cutar Zika tana yin lahani ne ga kwakwalwar jariri tun yana ciki, a inda take tsumburar da ita ta kuma sa a haife shi daɗan ƙaramin kai.
A lokacin da aka samu ɓarkewar cutar a Brazil a shekarar 2016, an samu kusan mutum 200,000 da suka kamu da ita, inda aka yi ta haifar jarirai da tawaya.
Sabbin shawarwari a kan cutar Zika
Kegel: Motsa jikin da masana suka ce yana ƙara wa mata ni’ima da ƙarfin jima’i ga maza
Saura cututtukan da sauro ke jawowa sun haɗa da:
Zazzaɓin Dengue da zazzaɓin Chikungunya da zazzaɓin West Nile, kuma sun samo asalin sunayensu ne daga yankunan da aka fara gano su.
Sannan suna da kamaceceniya ta yin zazzafan zazzaɓi da kuma zubar jini.
Masu binciken sun samo halittun a yammacin Kasar Cambodia wadanda suke da bambanci da sauran halittun a kasashen duniya.
Wadannan halittun sun sami damar jurewa maganin artemisinin daga waraka- maganin da aka fi amfani da shi wajan yakar cutar zazzabin cizon sauro.
Rahotannin kin jin magani a yankin ya bayyana ne a shekara ta 2008.
Matsalar kuma tuni ta watsu zuwa sauran yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Asia.
Masanan sun bayyana Yammacin Camboia a matsayin wurin da aka fi samun kin jin maganin cutar zazzabin cizon sauro.
Yanzu masana kimiyyar na damuwa saboda kin jin maganin artemisinin din da halittar kwayoyin cutar zazzabin cizon sauron ke yaduwa.
Wannan maganin dai ana amfani da shi kusan a fadin duniya kan maganin zazzabin cizon sauro.
Maganin dai yana warkar da cutar a ‘yan kwanaki kadan yayin da aka yi amfani da shi da wasu magungunan.
Hukumar lafiya ta duniya WHO ta ce ya zama wajibi a hana yaduwar kin jin maganin da halittar kwayoyin zazzabin cizon sauro ke yi.
Yadda za ku kare kanku daga cizon sauro
Ku dinga tabbatar da tsaftace muhallinku kuma kar ku dinga barin kwata. Yawanci sauro na hayayyafa ne a cikin kwata ko ruwan da ba ya tafiya.
Ku dinga amfani da mayukan shafawa a jiki da ke kore sauro sanna ku dinga sanya tufafin da za su rufe muku jiki duka
Ku dinga amfani da maganin kashe sauro, amma ku kula kar ku yi amfani da wanda zai cutar da ku.
Ku dinga kwana a cikin gidan sauro kamar yanda na faɗa da farko Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro(malaria), cuta ce da ta addabi mutanen Africa. A kowane lokaci ko kuma daƙiƙa sai an samu wanda ya mutu ta dalilin cutar malaria.
Don haka mu kare kanmu daga kamuwa da wannan cuta sannan kuma mu guji yin allura (ta jijiya da ta tsoka) da zarar an fara zazzaɓi