Zoom manhaja ce ta sadarwa da ake amfani da ita don taron tattaunawa ta hanyar fasahar bidiyo da sauti, amma kuma tana ba da damar yin taɗi kai tsaye, rarraba fuskokin na’urori, da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan haɗin gwiwa. Zoom na ba masu amfani da ita damar ƙirƙira da haɗa ɗakunan taro na kama-da-wane inda za su iya sadarwa tare da juna ta amfani da fasahar bidiyo, da sauti. Manhajar tana ba mahalarta damar haska abin da ke fuskokin na’urorinsu, rarraba fayil-fayil, da amfani da sashen taɗi (chatting) na rubutu a cikin rukunin taro ko a keɓance tare da wasu.
Zoom dandamali ne na taro ta hanyar amfani da fasahar allon ga-ni-ga-ka (bidiyo) wanda za a iya amfani da shi a kwamfutar kan tebur ko ta tafi-da-gidanka ko wayoyin hannu na zamani, kuma yana ba wa masu amfani da shi damar haɗa fasahar internet don taron ta hanyar bidiyo da hira kai tsaye.
Zoom manhajar sadarwar ce ta hanyar bidiyo da ke amfani da fasahar intanet. Manhajar, wadda kamfanin American Zoom Video Communications, Inc. ya ƙirƙiro kuma ya sayar da ita, tana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun manhajoji irin ta.
Yadda ake sauke Zoom
Ana rarraba manhajar tare da lasisin a tsarin “freemium”, ma’ana wani tsari ne da aka iyakance amfani da ita ba tare da biyan kuɗin ba. Ana ba da damar aiwatar da taron ta hanyar haɗuwar fasahar bidiyo na tsawon mintuna 40 tare da yawan mahalarta kimanin mutane 100 ba tare da biyan ko sisi ba. Siffofi da tsare-tsaren manhajar sun haɗa da screen share, wato rarraba allo ko fuskar na’ura a yayin taron ga mahalarta, naɗar sauti, da yin kwafi ta tsarin atomatik. Manhajar tana aiki a kan dukkan na’urorin hannu na zamani da na kan tebur kuma ta dace da kowane babbar manhajar na’urorin sadarwa (operating system)
Ana samun manhajar don saukewa kyauta, kuma masu amfani da Zoom za su iya zaɓar yin rajista a tsarin kyauta, ko kuma wasu tsare-tsaren biyan kuɗi. Ayyukan kyauta suna ba masu amfani damar ƙirƙirar tarurruka da yawa.
Tarihin ƙirƙirar Zoom
An ƙirƙiro manhajar Zoom a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Eric Yuan, injiniya mai aiki a Amurka ɗan ƙasar China. Lokacin da yake matsayin mataimakin shugaban a kamfanin Webex Cisco, Yuan ya ba da shawarar sabunta manhajar taron bidiyo ta kamfanim. Lokacin da manyansa suka ƙi amincewa da ra’ayinsa, Yuan ya bar aikin, tare da shi da wasu injiniyoyi 40 suka fara ƙirƙirar sabon kamfani, mai suna Saasbee, a cikin shekarar 2011. Sabon kamfanin ya fara zuba jari na dala miliyan 3 daga abokai da kamfanoni masu jari. A cikin shekarar 2012 Saasbee ya canja suna zuwa Zoom Video Communications, Inc. Kamfanin ya ƙaddamar da sigar beta na sabon sabis ɗinsa a cikin watan Agustan shekarar 2012 da kuma a hukumance a cikin Janairun 2013.
Duk da ƙalubalen abokan fafatawa da yawa sannan kuma babu sashen masu tallata manhajar, amma adadin masu amfani da ita ya riƙa faɗaɗa cikin sauri. Bayan ‘yan watanni da fitowar manhajar, Zoom ya samu adadin masu amfani da ita sama da miliyan guda kuma ya sauƙaƙa adadin tarurruka har kimanin 400,000. Kodayake a farkon ƙyanƙyasar kamfanin ya yi fama da matsalar neman kuɗaɗe, saboda masu zuba jari sun zuƙe hannayensu tare da tunanin cewa, sabon kamfani wanda ke gasa da manyan kamfanoni masu inganci irin su Microsoft da Google, zai yi wahala ya iya kaiwa ga gaci, a cikin shekarar 2017 an bayyana kamfanin a matsayin “tech unicorn” kuma an ƙimanta adadin kuɗinsa da cewa bai wuce dala biliyan 1. Lokacin da ya zama kamfani mai ciniki a bainar jama’a a cikin watan Afrilu na shekarar 2019, wannan adadin kuɗi sun karu zuwa dala biliyan 9.2.
A farkon shekarar 2020 cutar annobar Covid-19 da ta mamaye duniya ta haifar da yawancin ma’aikatan kamfanoni yin aiki daga gida. Zoom ya sami mafi girman cigaba daga wannan canji. Amfani da manhajar yayin aiwatar da aiki ya ƙara watsa ta ga sababbin abokan ciniki, waɗanda suka fara amfani da ita har a tsarin zamantakewa ta yau da kullum. Saboda haka Zoom ta zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi yawan manhajoji da ake saukewa a duk faɗin duniya. A cikin watan Disambar shekarar 2019 Zoom ya ba da rahoton cewa ana amfani da sabis ɗinsa kusan sau miliyan 10 a rana. A Disambar 2020 ya bayyana masu amfani da shi a matsayin miliyan 350 na yau da kullun. Kuɗaɗen shiga na kamfanin Zoom sun tashi daidai gwargwado, daga dala miliyan 331 a shekarar 2019 zuwa dala miliyan 623 a shekarar 2020. Yayin da annobar Covid-19 ta ci gaba zuwa 2021 da 2022, kuɗaɗen shiga na kamfanin ya haura sama da dala biliyan 4 a shekarar 2022.
Yayin da yawan masu amfani da Zoom ke haɓaka, kamfanin ya samu suka game da tsaro da abubuwan sirri. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan kurakuran sun haifar da sakamako mai tasiri ga Zoom da masu amfani da shi. Misali, masu satar bayanai sun yi nasarar rushe tarurrukan sau da yawa har abin ya yi ƙamari. Saƙon cin zarafi da hotuna da abokan ciniki suka fuskanta sun haifar da ɗaukar matakin ƙara a kotu, wanda Zoom ya biya fansar dala miliyan 85 a cikin shekarar 2022. Bugu da ƙari, wasu makarantu, hukumomin gwamnati, da kamfanoni sun hana amfani da manhajar. Zoom ya mayar da martani kan ƙara sabbin matakan tsaro da da tsarin ɓoye sirri da samar da maɓalli don ba da rahoto miyagun ayyuka.
Yadda manhajar Zoom ke aiki
Kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama, manhajar Zoom tana ba masu amfani da ita damar ƙirƙira da haɗa ɗakunan taro na kama-da-wane inda za su iya sadarwa tare da juna ta hanyar amfani da bidiyo, da sauti.
Domin shiga ɗakin da ake aiwatar da taro a manhajar Zoom, mutum na buƙatar sauke manhajar Zoom ɗin a cikin na’urarsa, sai kuma ya samu link ɗin taron ko kuma ID ɗin taro da kalmar sirri. Yayin da bai zama dole ba sai mutum ya mallaki gurbi (account) na Zoom ba don samun damar shiga taron, sai dai masu amfani da manhajar na buƙatar ƙirƙirar gurbin don ɗaukar nauyin taro.
Shirya taro
Mai masaukin baƙi na iya zaɓar lokutan da zai kasance, sawa’un taron nan take, ko kuma ya tsara taron da za a gudanar a wani lokaci na gaba. Wannan zai samar da lambobin tantancewa na taron ID da kuma kalmar sirri (password), da link domin taron wanda za a iya rabawa a matsayin katin gayyata ga mutanen da ake son su halarci ɗakin taron.
Kwanan nan Zoom ya samar da ɓangaren kalmomin sirri na default password, wato inda masu amfani da manhajar za su shigar da kalmar don shiga taro idan ya kasance suna shigar da ID ɗin taron da kansu. Amma duk da haka, mahalarta ba sa buƙatar shigar da wannan kalmar sirri idan ya kasance sun danna link ɗin taron don shiga.
Mai masaukin baƙin na iya sarrafa wasu saituna a cikin asusunsa don ba da izini yin wasu abubuwa kamar ba wa mutane dama su haska fuskokin na’urorinsu, ko kuma su samu zarafin yin taɗi na sirri tare da wasu a cikin taron.
Bidiyo da sauti
Lokacin shiga taro ta amfani da manhajar Zoom, ana ba masu amfani da fasahar zaɓi don kunnawa ko kashe bidiyonsu, kuma za su iya ganin sauran mahalarta, idan sun buɗe kyamararsu. Mai masaukin baƙin yana da ƙarin damar sarrafawa don kashe bidiyon ko kashe sautin mutane waɗanda ke halartar taron.
Haska fuskar na’ura (Screen share)
Wannan fasali na ba mutane damar rabawa ko haska abin da ke kan allunan na’urorinsu tare da wasu a cikin ɗakin taron. Masu amfani Zoom za su iya yin haka ta hanyar danna kan alamar ”Share Screen” a kan control panel. Mai masaukin baƙin yana da ikon sarrafa damar yin amfani da wannan fasali, zai iya ƙyale duk mahalarta taron ko wasu daga cikinsu ko ya takaita shi zuwa gare shi kaɗai.
Fasalin taɗi (chat function)
Taɗin rukuni (group chat) na ba wa masu amfani da Zoom damar yin mu’amala ta hanyar amfani da rubutu yayin taron, kuma mahalarta z su iya amfani da fasalin taɗi na sirri tare da wasu a cikin group ɗin. Mai masaukin baƙin na iya daidaita wannan fasalin don taƙaita mahalartan da za su iya yin magana da a cikin group ɗin.
Yadda Zoom ya shahara
Burin Zoom shi ne, koda masu yin amfani da tsarin manhajar na kyauta, su samu ikon tattara adadin mahalarta taro a waje ɗaya kuma buƙata ta biya. Mai masaukin baƙi kawai ake buƙata dole ya saita asusu a kan manhajar ta Zoom kafin ya iya ƙirƙirar ɗakin taron, sannan kuma ana iya rarraba hanyoyin shiga cikin ɗakin taron cikin sauƙi ga mutanen da za su so shiga taron.
Adadin shekaru don mallakar asusun Zoom
Manufa da tsarin sirri na manhajar Zoom sun bayyana cewa, “Zoom ba ya barin yara ‘yan ƙasa da shekara 16 da gangan su yi rajista don samun asusu”, kuma a lokacin ƙirƙirar asusu ana tambayar mutane cewa su bayar da ranar haihuwarsu, amma ba a amfani da wani tsari na tantance shekaru bayan wannan.
Ƙalubalen tsaro da tsare sirri
Kamar kowace manhaja ko dandamali, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci yadda yake aiki, da yuwuwar haɗarin amfani da shi. An taɓo batun sirri da tsaro game da wannan manhaja ta Zoom, ciki har da batun ‘Zoom Bombing’, lamarin da ya faru inda har waɗanda ba a gayyata ba ke shiga tarurruka don haifar da cikas. Zoom Bombing sau da yawa yana faruwa ne sakamakon link ɗin da ake rabawa a dandalin jama’a, inda kowa zai iya shiga cikin sauƙi.
Domin ragewa aukuwar waɗannan haɗura, yana muhimmanci mutum ya ba da lokaci sosai don sanin tsare-tsare da yadda ake sarrafawa tare daidaita abubuwa waɗanda mai masaukin baƙi zai iya amfani da su tsara dakin taronsu.
Bayan haka, a lura Zoom na sabunta tsare-tsare akai-akai don magance batutuwan da ke tattare da dandamalin, don haka masu amfani da manhajar su kwana da sanin cewa ana iya gabatar da wani sabon tsarin tsaro na saituna, da canje-canjen sirri a kowane lokaci.
Keɓance ɗakin taro
Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa ba a raba bayanan gayyata zuwa wurin jama’a, waɗanda zai iya kasancewa akwai waɗanda ba a buƙatar su halarta ko na su da alaƙa da taron, kuma a yi la’akari da wanda zai sami gayyata game da taro, da yadda aka raba wannan bayanan gayyatar. Tarukan Zoom (Zoom meetings) a yanzu suna da bukatar shigar da kalmar sirri ta default. Wannan yana nufin cewa mutanen da suke son shiga taron suna buƙatar shigar da lambar ID ta taron da kalmar sirri (password) don samun damar shiga. Amma kuma mahalarta za su iya amfani da link ɗin taron don shiga ɗakin taron ba tare da kalmar sirri ba.
Ɗakunan jira (Waiting room)
Waiting room wuri ne kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, wato ɗakin kan dakatar da mahalarta shiga taro har sai mai masaukin baƙi ya yarda da su, kuma ya ba su dama. Wannan tsari ya kunne yake tun asali a tsarin default na manhajar.
Tsarin kulle taro
Ana iya kulle taron da aka fara, wannan yana hana sabbin mahalarta shiga ko da suna da lambar ID ta taron da kuma kalmar sirri.
Damar haska fuskar na’ura
Don hana mahalarta yin sarrafa alluna ko bazuwar abin da ke fuskokin na’urorinsu na taron, mai masaukin baƙi na iya takaita izinin hakan ta amfani da sashen control panel. Ana iya daidaita wannan duka kafin taron, da kuma lokacin da ake tsaka da gabatar da taron.
Manazarta
Catriona. (2023, November 2). Explained: What is Zoom? -. Webwise.ie.
Volle, & Adam. (2025, June 22). Zoom | Software, Benefits, Features, & Uses. Encyclopedia Britannica.
Zoom Features and Specifications – University IT. (2024, July 11). University IT.
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Duk maƙalun da kuka karanta a wannan taska ta Bakandamiya, marubuta da editocinmu ne suka rubuta. Kuma kowace maƙala da aka buga ta bi muhimman matakai na tantancewa don ganin cewa bayanan dake cikinta sun inganta.
Idan kuma an ga wani kuskure a cikin kowace maƙalarmu, a sanar da mu. Za mu yi bincike sannan mu gyara gwargwadon fahimtarmu.
