Aman wutar dutse na faruwa ne sakamakon wanzuwar rauni a ƙundun ƙarƙashin ƙasar duniyar Earth, hakan ke ba dutsen wuta na lava, hayaƙin duwatsu da sauran wasu wasu iskokin gas damar fita daga jikin ruwan dutsen zuwa waje. Kenan, narkakken ruwan wutar cikin dutse ne ke bullutsowa daga ciki zuwa waje tare da sauran iskokin gas da ke cikinsa.
Dutse mai aman wuta na daga cikin manya-manyan abubuwa da ke da ban mamaki da kuma haɗari a duniya. An samu fallatsin aman wuta daga duwatsu masu yawa a duniya, misali, Mauna Loa – wanda shi ne dutse mai aman wuta mafi girma a duniya – ya soma zaɓabbaka ne tun a shekarar 1984. Talgen wutar da kan fito daga cikin dutsen yana ta kwarara ta gefen dutsen a zafin da ya kai digiri 1,000 a ma’aunin celcius, sai dai masana na cewa w annan ba zai kasance wata barazana ba ga mazauna wurin. Tsawon Mauna Loa ya kai ƙafa 13,680 a tsayi daga ƙasa zuwa sama, sai dai mazaunin dutsen ya soma ne daga can ƙasa. Daga can ƙasan zuwa sama ya kai ƙafa 30,085 wanda ya sa dutsen ya fi tsaunin Everest girma.
Fashewar dutse mai aman wuta abu ne mai matuƙar ban mamaki ƙwarai da gaske, sai dai kuma fashewar dutsen kan jawo rasa rayuka da dukiyoyi, musamman a wurin da mutane masu yawa ke rayuwa. Wani lokaci, kafin afkuwar fashewar dutsen akan iya ganin fitar hayaƙi ko sauran iskokin gas daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko jikin dutsen. A wasu lokutan kuma a kan samu faruwar ƙananun girgizar ƙasa. A lokacin fashewar, wani lokaci ba kai tsaye dutsen ke fara aman wutar ba, wani lokaci tallatsin wutar ne ke tsalle zuwa sararin samaniya, ko kuma ya dinga bullutsowa lokaci bayan lokaci yana malala a jikin dutsen.
Abubuwan da ke janyo aman wutar volcano
1. Juyawar Farantai
Jujjuyawar farantan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa kan jawo gwamutsuwar duwatsun, hakan ke sa wani dutsen ya yi ƙasa, wani kuma ya yi sama, hakan ke samar da fitar ruwa wanda ke yin zafi.
2. Ruwan zafi
Wannan ruwan zafi da ke taruwa a chambobi kan tafarfasa sakamakon zafin da suke ɗauka.
3. Matsi da ba da ƙarfi:
Matsin da wannan ruwan zafi ke sha a cikin waɗannan cambobi ke sa su yin aman.
4. Musabbabi
Girgizar ƙasa, taruwar iskar gas da makamantansu kan jawo yin aman wutar.
5. Aman wuta
Bayan duk waɗannan abubuwan sun faru sai fashewar dutsen ya faru ta hanyar tallatsin wuta, hayaƙi da kuma iskokin gas.
Rabe-rabe volcano
Ana iya kasa Volcano zuwa rabe-rabe da yawa a bisa zubi,girma da kuma salon fashewarsa.
1. Shield Volcanoes
Shi Irin wannan volcano yana da faɗi daga ƙasa da kuma zagayayyen sama wanda ke faruwa sakamakon fitar ruwan wuta. Misalin irin wannan Volcano shi ne irin wanda ya faru a tsibirin Hawai da Iceland.
2. Stratovolcanoes (Composite Volcanoes)
Shi irin wannan volcano ɗin yana da tsayi, sannan yana da zubi mabanbanta na ruwan wuta, hayaƙi da sauran abubuwan da ke jawo fashewar abubuwa. Misalin irin wannan Volcano shi ne irin na Mount St. Helens da Kuma Mount Fuji.
3. Cinder Cones
Shi Irin wannan Volcano ƙarami ne mai zaizayar gefe sakamakon samuwar hayaƙi, makamashi daga ƙananun girgizar ƙasa da dai sauransu. Misalin haka shi ne irin na Paricutin (Mexico) da kuma Sunset Crater (Arizona).
4. Calderas
Shi kuma wannan irin wuraren nan ne da rugujewa ko fashewar dutsen wuta ya auku wanda sau da dama ke cika da ruwa har ya koma tafki. Misalin irin wannan Volcano shi ne Crater Lake (Oregon) da Lake Toba (Indonesia).
5. Volcanic Fields
Wuraren da aka samu yawaitar fashewar dutsen wuta ne ke ƙarƙashin wannan, wanda narkakken ruwan wuta ke haifarwa. Misalin irin wannan Volcano su ne Columbia River Basalt Group (USA) da Auckland Volcanic Field (New Zealand).
6. Submarine Volcanoes
Shi Irin wannan duwatsu ne ke aman wuta a ƙarƙashin ruwa, musamman a tekuna. Misalin haka ya haɗa da Loihi Seamount (Hawaii), West Mata Volcano (Tonga).
7. Supervolcanoes
Wannan shi ne mafi girma da kuma haɗari, domin suna iya shafar yanayin duniya baki ɗaya. Misalin irin wannan Volcano ya haɗa da Yellowstone Caldera (USA) da Lake Toba (Indonesia).
Alfanun dutsen volcano
Duk da irin haɗarin da dutse mai aman wuta ke da shi, mutane da dama na son yin rayuwa a irin wannan wuri saboda alfanun da ke tattare da hakan. Daga cikin irin alfanun akwai samun ƙasar noma mai kyau a inda tokar hayaƙin ya sauka da ƙananun duwatsun da ke wurin, sannan irin waɗannan wuraren na jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido sosai wanda hakan ke samar da kuɗin shiga.
Ana kuma iya samun geothermal energy wanda ka iya samar da wutar lantarki cikin sauƙi ga mutanen wurin.
Babbar ribar kuma ita ce, a kan samu duwatsu masu daraja irin su lu’ulu’u wani lokaci a cikin ruwan wutar.
Matsalolin dutsen volcano
Yayin da duwatsu masu aman wuta suka fashe, ana samun asarar rayuka da dukiyoyi masu tarin yawa, musamman in wurin da abin ya faru akwai jama’a sosai. Asibitoci, kamfanoni da muhimman wurare na iya rushewa cikin ɗan ƙanƙanin lokaci.
Tokar da ke tashi cikin hayaƙin dutsen da ke aman wuta na iya shafar yanayin iskar duniya baki ɗaya ko na wani yanki ƙayyadadde.
Kariya daga haɗarin volcano
Duba da irin haɗarin da dutse mai aman wuta ke da shi, abu ne mai muhimmanci mutanen da ke zaune a kusa da duwatsu su ke tuntuɓar masana domin su shirya wa fashewar dutsen tun da wuri, hakan ne kaɗai hanyar da za a iya samar da kariya ga al’umma.
Manazarta
BBC News Hausa. (2022, December 1). Me ke faruwa a cikin dutse ma fi girma mai aman wuta? BBC News Hausa.
Decker, B. B., & Decker, R. W. (2024, June 29). Volcano | Definition, Types, & Facts Encyclopedia Britannica.
Eduqas – BBC Bitesize. (2024, May 13). Positive and negative effects of volcanoes – Volcanoes and volcanic eruptions – Eduqas – GCSE Geography Revision. Eduqas – BBC Bitesize.
PAHO/WHO. (2021, August 16).Volcanic eruptions. Pan American Health Organization.
Wikipedia contributors. (2024, July 7). Volcano. Wikipedia.