Taba-taba

Taba-taba, ko kuma tattaba a hausance, wadda masana kimiyya ke kira Vernonia ambigua, tsiro ce daga dangin Asteraceae. Da ingilishi ana kiran ta da iron weed, yayin da a wasu harsuna a Najeriya kamar Yoruba ake kiran ta da Orungo. Shuka ce da ta shahara a cikin ganyayyakin da ake magani da su a yankunan Afirka, musamman a Najeriya. Al’ummomi daban-daban sun daɗe suna amfani da ita a matsayin maganin gargajiya wajen warkar da cututtuka kamar ciwon sanyi (infection), mura, ciwon ciki, da kuma ƙara lafiya da ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki gabaɗaya.

Sinadaran da ke cikin taba-taba

Binciken kimiyya ya tabbatar da cewa tsiron taba-taba na ɗauke da sinadarai masu matuƙar muhimmanci a jikin ɗan Adam da suka haɗa da:

• Alkaloids: Wasu sinadarai  ne masu ƙarfi daga tsirrai, waɗanda ke da tasiri sosai a jiki wurin rage zafi, kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, ko canja yadda jiki ke aiki.
• Tannins: Su ne sinadaran da ke hana kumburi tare da kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma taimaka wa hanji.
• Saponins: Sinadarai ne masu kumfa kamar sabulu, suna taimakawa wajen rage kitse a jiki, tare da taimaka wa garkuwar jiki sannan suna taimakawa wajen maganin ciwon daji wato cancer.
• Flavonoids: Su ne sinadaran da ke kare jiki daga cututtuka da tsufa. Ana samun su a cikin taba-taba da ‘ya’yan itace kamar apple, lemu, da berries. Suna kare jiki daga sinadarai masu guba, rage kumburi da kuma kare zuciya da jijiyoyi.

Duka waɗannan sinadaran bincike ya tabbatar da ana samun su a jikin taba-taba, abin da ke nuna matuƙar amfani a fannonin lafiya da dama.

Yankunan da aka fi samun taba-taba

Taba-taba na da yawa a yankin Afrika ta Yamma, musamman Najeriya, Ghana, da Nijar, kuma tana girma a wuraren da ke da iska da ruwa. Ana iya samun ta a gonaki, daji, ko kusa da gidaje saboda tana iya fitowa da kanta.

Siffofin tsiron taba-taba

Taba-taba, shuka ce da tsayinta ya fara daga mita 0.5 zuwa mita 2, tana da ƙananan rassa da ganyayyaki masu launin kore mai duhu tare da gashi a jikinsu. Har ila yau, ganyayyakin suna da yanka-yanka mai kama da haƙora a gefensu, sannan suna da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci a baki, kuma suna fitowa ne a jikin rassan kai tsaye, sannan suna ɗauke da ƙamshi mai sanyi makamancin na lemon grass, wanda ke sa shukar ta zama abin shaƙa mai sanya nutsuwa. Furannin taba-taba ƙanana ne masu launin fari ko violet. Haka kuma, tana da ƙarfin jure yanayi mai zafi, kasantuwar tana ci gaba da bunƙasa har zuwa lokacin kaka, saboda tana son ƙasa mai danshi da hasken rana mai yawa.

Muhimmancinta a magungunan gargajiya

Hausawa da sauran al’ummomi suna amfani da taba-taba ta hanyoyi da dama wajen kula da lafiyar jiki kamar:

• Maganin ciwon sanyi: Ana tafasa ganyen taba-taba, a sha ruwan a matsayin shayi, ko a zauna a cikin ruwan don magance cutukan da suka ta shafi al’aura, musamman ga mata.
• Maganin ciwon ciki da basir: Tafasasshen ruwan taba-taba na rage ciwon ciki, gastric ulcer, da basir. Ta wani ɓangaren ma taba-taba na magance tsutsar ciki.
• Maganin mura da tari: Idan aka haɗa taba-taba da lemon grass da citta ana amfani da shi a matsayin maganin mura, tari, da asthma.
• Gyaran jini da lafiyar jiki: Ruwan taba-taba na taimakawa wajen tsaftace jini, rage yawan kitse a jiki, da kuma ƙara wa garkuwar jiki ƙarfi.
• Maganin zazzabi da ciwon kai: Ana amfani da furen taba-taba don rage zazzabi da ciwon kai idan aka tafasa shi aka sha.

Amfanin taba-taba a kimiyyance

Bincike da dama da aka gudanar a jami’o’i daban-daban sun tabbatar da cewa taba-taba tana da sinadaran da ke da mahimmanci ga lafiyar ɗan Adam. Ga wasu daga ciki:

• Antimicrobial Properties: Binciken ya nuna cewa taba-taba tana kashe ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haddasa infection.
• Antioxidant Activity: suna hana lalacewar ƙwayoyin jiki, wanda ke rage yiwuwar kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da kansa.
• Anti-inflammatory Effects: taba-taba na rage kumburi a jiki ta hanyar hana yaduwar sinadarai masu haifar da kumburin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen maganin ciwon ƙirji da ciwon ciki.
• Reproductive issue: wato sassan jikin mace ko namiji da ke da alaƙa da samun ciki, haihuwa, da jima’i, wanda ya haɗa da rashin iya ɗaukar ciki, cututtukan mahaifa, overries, ko wata illa a sperm, ciwon al’ada mai tsanani, da kuma Hormone imbalance da ke hana haihuwa ko jima’i yadda ya kamata.

Amfanin taba-taba addini da al’adu

A al’adar Hausawa, taba-taba ana ɗaukar ta a matsayin ganye mai muhimmanci, wanda ake amfani da ita wajen magungunan da suka shafi iskokai ko aljanu. Ana haɗa ta da ganyen raihan, ganyen magarya, da lemon grass wajen hada ruwan magani domin wanka ko hayaƙi, don neman waraka da kuma samun nutsuwar zuciya.

Wasu malamai masu ruƙiyya sukan yin amfani da ruwan taba-taba yayin ruƙiyya ko kuma yin hayaƙi da busasshen ganyenta, musamman don maganin firgici a lokacin barci, mummunan mafarki, ko fushi mai tsanani.

Illolin amfani da taba-taba

Duk da yawan amfanin da taba-taba take shi, a fannoni da dama, hakan ba zai hana ta haifar da matsala ba idan aka yi amfani da ita ba bisa ƙa’ida ba. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa yin amfani da taba-taba fiye da ƙima na iya rage haihuwa ga maza da mata. Saboda haka ana ba da shawarar a yi amfani da ita a yadda ya kamata.

Sannan tana haifar da ƙwarnafi idan aka sha da yawa, musamman ga masu ciwon ulcer. Ba a yarda mata masu juna biyu ko masu shayarwa su yi amfani da taba-taba ba tare da shawarar likita ba. Idan aka yi amfani da ita da yawa, tana iya kawo zubewar ciki ko gajiya mai tsanani. Don haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da taba-taba yadda ya kamata, tare da kulawar masana tsirrai ko likita.

Manazarta

NMPPDB. (n.d.). Vernonia ambigua. NMPPDB.

Asante, D., & Wiafe, G. A. (2023). Therapeutic Benefit of Venonia amygdalina in the Treatment of Diabetes and Its Associated Complications in Preclinical Studies. Journal of Diabetes Research, 2023, 1–12.

Igwe, E. C. (2025b). Vernonia ambigua Alters the Expressions of some Antioxidant Enzymes, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Acetylcholinesterase in the Cerebellar Cortex of Rats. NIgerian Journal of Neuroscience, 16(2), 53–60.

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