Goruba bishiya ce mai tsayi da ke da kusan girman mita goma sha bakwai 17, (daidai da ƙafa 56), yayin da ƙwallon gorubar, wato ɗan itaciyar, zai iya kai girma har zuwa 90 cm (inci 35). Yawanci gangar jikinta ta rabu zuwa rassa biyu, kowane reshe kuma shi ma ya rabu rassa biyu, kuma ƙarshen rassan yana ɗauke da manyan ganye. Bawon jikinta yana da santsi, launin toka mai duhu. Ganyen na da tsayin kusan mita 1.
Goruba ‘ya’yan itace ne mai ɗauke da sunadarai kamar carbohydrate, micronutrients da bitamin musamman niacin, folic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, da thiamin da sinadaran minerals masu mahimmanci kamar potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, da kuma phosphorus. Har ma da ƙarin sunadaran, coumarin, saponins, rage sugars, alkaloids, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamates, glycosides, phenolic, da fatty acid. Har ila yau tana ɗauke da ɗanyen fiber, furotin, maiƙo, da bitamin. Ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na amino acid kamar valine, leucine, da wasu amino acid marasa mahimmanci kamar alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, serine da proline.
Nazari daban-daban sun bayyana cewa ruwan ‘ya’yan itacen goruba ya ƙunshi babban kaso na sinadaran phenols da flavonoids, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga ayyukan antioxidant da ƙwayoyin bakteriya. Sinadaran antioxidant da ayyukansu sun bambanta bisa ga bambance-bambancen yanayi da nau’in sinadaran phenolics da ke cikin ‘ya’yan goruba.
Sinadaran da ke cikin goruba
Goruba ta ƙunshi sinadaran sukari da furotin da maiƙo ko kitse. Ta ƙunshi wasu sinadaran minerals irin su calcium, phosphorus da baƙin yawa. Tana da wadatar sinadarin thiamin, riboflavin da niacin. Sashin da ake ci na goruba ya ƙunshi sukari mai narkewa kashi 74.0%, da kashi 22.0% na sinadarin kuzari da kuma kashi 37.0% na sinadarin sucrose, shi ma potassium, goruba ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa.
Wuraren da goruba take
Asalin goruba ta fito ne daga arewacin Afirka. Ta yaɗu a cikin yankunan Sahel akwai ta a Mauritania da Senegal a yamma, da tsakiyar Afirka, da gabas zuwa Masar, Kenya, Somaliya da Tanzaniya. Tana girma a wuraren da ruwan karkashin kasa yake kuma ana samun ta yankin a kogin Nilu a cikin ƙasar Masar da Sudan, a yankunan kogi na arewa maso yammacin Kenya, da kuma gefen kogin Niger a yammacin Afirka. Har ila yau, goruba ‘yar asalin ƙasar Levant ce da yankin Larabawa kamar (Isra’ila, Sinai, Yemen da Saudi Arabiya) kuma an bayyana cewa akwai goruba a cikin Netherland Antilles a yankin da Caribbean.
Amfanin goruba ga jiki
An shafe shekaru aru-aru ana cin goruba ta fuskoki daban-daban, ciki har da ɗanya, busasshen, da ma yin shayi. Shayin, wanda ake yi ta hanyar amfani da gari ko ɓararriyar gorubar, yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi kuma yana cike da abubuwan gina jiki.
Tana magance matsalolin jiri yayin da aka yi shayinta aka sha ruwan musamman a haɗa da garin habbatus sauda a tafasa su tare asha. Tana taimaka wa ƙarfin maza, ga namiji mai rauni yawaita shan shayin goruba zai magance wannan matsalar. Yawan kitse a jiki ko ƙiba, shan shayin goruba yana daidaita shi. Sannan ga mai jin nauyin jiki shi ma duk ana amfani da shayin goruba ko kuma garin. Sauran alfanun goruba sun haɗa da:
Wadatar sinadarin antioxidants
Antioxidants suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare jiki daga cutukan masu tsauri, waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin halitta kuma ya haifar da cututtuka na yau da kullum. Goruba tana da wadataccen sinadarin maganin antioxidants kamar flavonoids da polyphenols, waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen rage kumburi, inganta aikin garkuwar jiki da kariya daga cututtuka daban-daban.
Taimakawa lafiyar zuciya
Yin amfani da goruba ko shayinta yau da kullun na iya inganta lafiyar zuciya ta hanyar daidaita matakan sinadarin cholesterol da hawan jini. Sinadaran potassium da ke cikin goruba suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa hawan jini, yayin da antioxidants na iya rage haɗarin cututtukan zuciya.
Taimaka wa narkewar abinci
Shan shayin goruba ko cin ta, kyakkyawar hanyar samun sinadarin fiber a tsarin abinci ne, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga narkewar abincin. Goruba na taimakawa magance matsalar yin bahaya da wahala ta hanyar inganta motsin hanji kuma tana iya rage wasu matsalolin narkewar abinci kamar kumburin ciki da cushewa.
Inganta aikin garkuwar jiki
Vitamins da antioxidants a cikin goruba na iya ƙarfafa tsarin garkuwar jiki, tana taimaka wa jiki wajen yaƙar cututtuka da sosai. Vitamin C, musamman, wanda sannanen abu da ƙunshi abubuwan da ke ƙarfafa garkuwar jiki, akwai shi a cikin goruba.
Inganta lafiyar fata
Ci da shan shayin goruba na iya ba da gudummawa ga lafiyar fata da samar da fata mai haske. Magungunan antioxidants suna taimakawa wajen rage alamomin tsufa ta hanyar inganta lafiyar fata.
Aikin rage ƙiba
Shayin goruba na iya zama babban hanya ga waɗanda ke son daidaita nauyinsu da ƙibarsu. Yana da ƙarancin adadin calories (kuzari) kuma yana iya taimakawa wajen daidaita sha’awar cin abinci, hakan zai sauƙaƙa mayar da hankali ga abinci mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, ɗanɗanon shayi na iya zama mai gamsarwa da maye gurbin sauran abubuwan sha masu zaƙi.
Daidaita sukarin jini
Wasu bincike-bincike sun nuna cewa, cin goruba ko shan shayinta na iya taimakawa wajen daidaita matakan sukarin jini, yana zama abin sha mai amfani ga masu ciwon sukari. Abubuwan da ke cikin sinadarin fiber na goruba suna rage shigar sinadarin sukari cikin jini.
Illolin goruba
Duk da kasancewar cin goruba ko shan shayinta na da fa’idojin kiwon lafiya da yawa, a hannu guda kuma yana da mahimmanci a lura da illolinta musamman idan aka yi amfani da ita da yawa.
Haifar da rashin lafiya
Kamar kowane abinci ko abin sha, akwai yiwuwar haddasa rashin lafiya. Alamomin na iya haɗawa da jin raɗaɗi ko ƙaiƙayi da kumburi da wahalar numfashi. Idan aka fuskanci ɗayan waɗannan alamomi bayan shan shayin goruba, yana da kyau a dakatar da sha kuma a tuntuɓi ƙwararru masana kiwon lafiya.
Matsalolin ciki da hanji
Kodayake sinadarin fiber a cikin goruba da shayinta yana da amfani ga narkewar abinci, sai dai sha ko cin goruba da yawa zai iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi ciki, kamar kumburi ko gudawa. Zai fi kyau a fara da kaɗan-kaɗan, a hankali kuma sai a ƙara idan an ga babu wata matsala.
Tasiri ga magunguna
Idan aka shan magani, musamman don hawan jini ko sukarin jini, yana da mahimmanci ku tuntuɓi likita kafin a sha shayin goruba kon cin gorubar. Tasirin shayin a kan hawan jini da sukarin jini na iya daƙile ayyukan magungunan.
Manazarta
El-Beltagi, H. S., Mohamed, H. I., Yousef, H. N., & Fawzi, E. M. (2018). Biological Activities of the Doum Palm (Hyphaene thebaica L.) Extract and Its Bioactive Components. In InTech eBooks.
Nutrinaija. (2024, September 4). Proven health benefits of Doum palm fruit tea (Goruba Tea) nutritional value and potential side effects. NutriNaija – Nigeria Nutritional Blog.
500 Words Magazine. (n.d.): Everything you need to know about Doum Palm Fruit. 500 Words Magazine.