Na’urorin ajiyar bayanai sun zama tushen ginin dukkanin tsarin fasahar zamani, domin su ne ke ɗauke da duk abin da ake kira bayanai a cikin kowace na’ura. A duniyar yau, komai ya ta’allaka ne ga bayanai, tun daga sadarwa tsakanin mutane, gudanar da kasuwanci, aikin gwamnati, har zuwa ilimi da bincike. Ba za a iya tunanin aiki da kwamfuta ko waya ba tare da wata hanya ta adana bayanai ba, domin duk wani abu da ake yi yana buƙatar a adana shi domin a dawo da shi a gaba. Wannan ya sa na’urorin ajiyar bayanai suka zama muhimman ginshiƙai a fannin fasahar sadarwa da kwamfuta.
A zahiri, duk lokacin da mutum ya rubuta takarda a kwamfuta, ya ɗauki hoto da waya, ko ya sauke wata manhaja daga intanet, ana amfani da wata na’ura ta musamman domin adana wannan bayanin. Waɗannan bayanai ba kawai ajiye su ake yi ba, har ma ana tsara su ta yadda za a iya gano su cikin sauƙi a duk lokacin da ake buƙata. Wannan tsari na adanawa da dawo da bayanai yana buƙatar ingantattun na’urori masu ƙarfi da sauri, domin kauce wa ɓacewar bayanai ko jinkiri wajen samun su.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙaruwar yawan bayanai a duniya ta sa ake buƙatar hanyoyi masu inganci na ajiya. A yau, ana samar da biliyoyin bayanai a kowace rana ta hanyar kafafen sada zumunta, kamfanoni, cibiyoyin bincike, da sauran fannoni. Wannan ya sa ake ci gaba da ƙirƙirar sabbin na’urori da fasahohi domin su iya ɗaukar wannan tarin bayanai cikin aminci da sauƙi. Saboda haka, fahimtar yadda na’urorin ajiyar bayanai ke aiki, da irin rawar da suke takawa a rayuwar yau da kullum, yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga kowa da kowa.
Ma’anar na’urar ajiyar bayanai
Na’urar ajiyar bayanai ita ce kowace irin na’ura da ake amfani da ita wajen adana bayanai ta yadda za a iya dawo da su a duk lokacin da ake buƙata. Wannan ma’ana tana nuna cewa ajiyar bayanai ba wai kawai adanawa ba ne, har ma ya haɗa da tsarawa da kuma sauƙaƙa hanyoyin samun bayanan da aka adana. A cikin tsarin kwamfuta, ana ɗaukar bayanai a matsayin muhimman abubuwa waɗanda dole ne a kula da su, domin su ne tushen duk wani aiki da ake gudanarwa.
Ajiyar bayanai na iya kasancewa na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin. Ajiyar ɗan lokaci tana nufin bayanai da ake adanawa na wani lokaci kaɗan yayin da ake gudanar da aiki, kamar yadda ake samu a cikin ma’ajiyar RAM. Irin wannan ajiyar tana da matuƙar sauri, amma ba ta riƙe bayanai idan aka kashe wuta. A gefe guda kuma, ajiyar dindindin tana nufin bayanai da ake adanawa na tsawon lokaci, waɗanda ba sa gogewa ko da an kashe na’ura. Wannan ya haɗa da na’urori kamar hard disk, SSD, da sauran su.
Haka kuma, na’urar ajiyar bayanai na iya kasancewa a cikin kwamfuta ko a waje. Ajiyar cikin na’ura tana aiki kai tsaye da tsarin kwamfuta, yayin da ajiyar waje ke ba da damar ɗaukar bayanai daga wuri zuwa wuri. Wannan bambanci yana nuna yadda ake tsara tsarin ajiyar bayanai domin ya dace da buƙatun masu amfani daban-daban. A ƙarshe, ma’anar na’urar ajiyar bayanai ta wuce kawai na’ura, domin tana wakiltar dukkanin tsarin da ke ba da damar sarrafa bayanai cikin tsari da inganci.
Tarihin samuwar na’urorin ajiyar bayanai
Farkon zamani
A farkon tarihin kwamfuta, hanyoyin da ake amfani da su wajen adana bayanai sun kasance masu sauƙi amma kuma masu wahala wajen sarrafawa.
Punch card
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun hanyoyin da aka fara amfani da su shi ne punch cards, wato katuna da ake huda su da ramuka domin wakiltar bayanai. Wannan tsari yana buƙatar a tsara ramuka a wani salo na musamman, wanda kwamfuta za ta iya karantawa. Duk da cewa wannan hanya ta taimaka wajen fara ajiyar bayanai a kwamfuta, amma tana da matsaloli da dama, kamar ɗaukar lokaci, wahalar gyara bayanai, da kuma ƙarancin yawan bayanan da za ta iya ɗauka.
Magnetic tape
Wata muhimmiyar hanya da aka yi amfani da ita ita ce magnetic tape, wacce ke amfani da maganadiso wajen adana bayanai a kan wata irin igiya mai kama da faifan bidiyo. Wannan hanya ta fi punch cards sauƙi wajen adana bayanai masu yawa, amma tana da matsala wajen samun bayanai cikin sauri, domin dole ne a bi jerin bayanai daga farko kafin a kai ga inda ake so. Wannan ya sa amfani da ita ke ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo, musamman idan bayanai sun yi yawa.
Duk da irin waɗannan ƙalubale, waɗannan hanyoyi sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa tubalin fasahar ajiyar bayanai. Su ne suka ba da damar fara amfani da kwamfuta wajen adana bayanai, kuma suka buɗe ƙofofi ga ƙarin bincike da cigaba a wannan fanni.
Zamanin tsakiya
Da zuwan wani zamani bayan na farko, aka samu manyan sauye-sauye a fannin ajiyar bayanai. Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman cigaban da aka samu shi ne ƙirƙirar floppy disk, wata ƙaramar na’ura da ake iya ɗauka a hannu kuma ake amfani da ita wajen adana bayanai. Wannan ya kawo sauƙi wajen ɗaukar bayanai daga wata kwamfuta zuwa wata, wanda a baya yake da wahala sosai. Duk da cewa floppy disk ba ta da girman ma’ajiya sosai, amma ta zama muhimmiya a lokacin da aka ƙirƙire ta.
Hard disk drive (HDD)
Haka kuma, ƙirƙirar hard disk drive (HDD) ya kawo babban sauyi a fannin ajiyar bayanai. Wannan na’ura tana amfani da fasahar maganadiso wajen adana bayanai a kan faifai masu juyawa. Abin da ya bambanta ta da sauran hanyoyin baya shi ne girman ma’ajiyar da kuma saurin samun bayanai. HDD ta ba da damar adana bayanai masu yawa cikin na’ura guda, tare da samun su cikin sauri fiye da magnetic tape.
Wannan zamani ya kasance lokaci na sauyi daga tsofaffin hanyoyi zuwa sabbin hanyoyi masu inganci. An fara ganin yadda fasahar ajiyar bayanai ke inganta aiki a fannoni daban-daban, kamar kasuwanci, ilimi, da bincike. Wannan cigaba ya kuma sa kwamfuta ta zama kayan aiki da kowa zai iya amfani da shi cikin sauƙi.
Zamanin yanzu
A yau, fasahar ajiyar bayanai ta kai wani mataki mai girma wanda ya canja yadda ake mu’amala da bayanai gaba ɗaya.
Solid-state drive (SSD)
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka bayyana a wannan zamani shi ne solid state drive (SSD), wacce ta bambanta da HDD ta hanyar rashin amfani da sassa masu motsi. Wannan ya sa SSD ke da sauri sosai wajen karantawa da rubuta bayanai, tare da rage yiwuwar lalacewa sakamakon motsi.
Flash drives
Bugu da ƙari, flash drives, wato USB, sun zama ruwan dare a rayuwar yau da kullum. Su ƙananan na’urori ne amma suna iya ɗaukar bayanai masu yawa, kuma ana iya amfani da su cikin sauƙi wajen ɗaukar bayanai daga wuri zuwa wuri. Wannan ya ƙara sauƙaƙa raba bayanai tsakanin mutane da na’urori.
Cloud storage
Haka kuma, samuwar cloud storage ta kawo wani sabon salo na ajiyar bayanai, inda ba lallai sai kana da na’ura a hannunka ba kafin ka adana bayanai. Ana adana bayanai a kan sabobin intanet, kuma ana iya samun su daga ko’ina a duniya muddin akwai haɗin intanet. Wannan ya kawo sauyi mai girma wajen yadda ake adana bayanai da kuma yadda ake amfani da su.
Wannan zamani yana nuna yadda fasahar ajiyar bayanai ke ci gaba da bunƙasa, tare da ƙirƙirar hanyoyi masu sauri, masu aminci, da kuma masu ɗaukar bayanai masu yawa. Wannan cigaba yana ci gaba da sauya rayuwar ɗan Adam, yana kuma buɗe ƙofofi ga sabbin abubuwa a nan gaba.
Nau’o’in na’urorin ajiyar bayanai
Primary storage (ma’ajiyar ciki)
Ajiyar ciki yana nufin duk wata hanyar ajiya da ke cikin kwamfuta kai tsaye wacce ke hulɗa da ƙwaƙwalwar sarrafawa ta kwamfuta, wato CPU. Wannan ma’ajiyar ita ce mafi kusa da zuciyar aikin kwamfuta, domin ita ce ke ba da damar gudanar da ayyuka cikin sauri da inganci. A duk lokacin da kwamfuta ke aiki, tana buƙatar wani wuri da za ta ajiye bayanan da take amfani da su na ɗan lokaci, domin ta iya sarrafa su cikin sauri ba tare da jinkiri ba. Wannan shi ne aikin da ma’ajiyar ciki ke yi.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan sassan ma’ajiyar ciki shi ne RAM, wato Random Access Memory. Wannan ma’ajiya tana da matuƙar muhimmanci domin ita ce ke riƙe bayanai da manhajojin da ake amfani da su a lokacin da kwamfuta ke aiki. Misali, idan mutum ya buɗe wata manhaja ko ya fara rubutu a kwamfuta, bayanan suna shiga cikin RAM ne domin a sarrafa su cikin sauri. Babban abin lura a nan shi ne cewa RAM yana aiki cikin sauri sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran na’urorin ajiya, amma yana da rauni guda ɗaya mai muhimmanci, wato ba ya riƙe bayanai idan aka kashe kwamfuta. Wannan yana nufin duk bayanan da ke cikinsa za su ɓace idan aka katse wutar lantarki.
Read Only Memory ROM
A gefe guda kuma akwai ROM, wato Read Only Memory, wanda yake da wani bambanci mai girma da RAM. Shi ROM yana ɗauke da bayanai na dindindin waɗanda ba sa gogewa ko da an kashe kwamfuta. Waɗannan bayanai su ne ke taimaka wa kwamfuta wajen fara aiki, wato su ne ke ɗauke da umarnin farko da ke sanar da kwamfuta yadda za ta tashi daga yanayin kashewa zuwa yanayin aiki. Saboda haka, ROM tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da cewa kwamfuta na iya farawa da kanta duk lokacin da aka kunna ta.
Secondary storage (ma’ajiyar waje)
Ma’ajiyar waje ita ce ma’ajiyar da ake amfani da ita wajen adana bayanai na dindindin, wato bayanai da za su kasance a cikin na’ura ko da bayan an kashe ta. Wannan nau’in ma’ajiya tana da muhimmanci sosai domin ita ce ke riƙe dukkan bayanai na mai amfani, kamar takardu, hotuna, bidiyo, da manhajojin kwamfuta. Ba kamar ma’aiyar ciki ba, ma’ajiyar waje tana ba da damar adana bayanai masu yawa kuma na tsawon lokaci.
Hard disk drive (HDD)
Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun na’urorin ajiyar waje shi ne Hard Disk Drive, wanda ake kira HDD. Wannan na’ura tana aiki ne ta hanyar amfani da fasahar maganadisu wajen rubuta bayanai a kan wasu faifai masu juyawa a cikin na’urar. Wannan tsari yana ba da damar adana bayanai masu yawa cikin farashi mai sauƙi, shi ya sa HDD ya daɗe da zama mafi yawan amfani a kwamfutoci. Duk da haka, kasancewar yana da sassa masu motsi yana sa ya kasance ba shi da sauri sosai idan aka kwatanta da wasu sabbin na’urori, kuma yana iya lalacewa idan aka yi amfani da shi ba da kulawa ba.
Solid-state drive (SSD)
A wani mataki na gaba, an ƙirƙiri Solid State Drive, wato SSD, wacce ta kawo sauyi mai girma a fannin ajiyar bayanai. SSD ba ta amfani da sassa masu motsi kamar HDD, sai dai tana amfani da lantarki da ma’ajiyar flash wajen adana bayanai. Wannan ya sa take aiki cikin sauri sosai, kuma tana da ƙarancin yiwuwar lalacewa saboda babu abin da ke motsi a cikinta. Wannan ya sa SSD ta zama abin so ga masu amfani da kwamfuta a wannan zamani, musamman waɗanda ke buƙatar sauri da inganci a aikinsu.
Flash drive
Haka kuma akwai flash drive, wato USB, wacce ta zama ruwan dare a rayuwar yau da kullum. Wannan ƙaramar na’ura ce da ake iya ɗauka a hannu cikin sauƙi, kuma ana amfani da ita wajen ɗaukar bayanai daga wuri zuwa wuri. Duk da ƙarancin girmanta, tana iya ɗaukar bayanai masu yawa, kuma ana iya amfani da ita a kusan kowace na’ura mai ramin USB.
Memory card
Memory card shi ma wata muhimmiyar na’ura ce ta ajiyar waje, musamman a wayoyi da kyamarori. Ana amfani da shi wajen adana hotuna, bidiyo, da sauran bayanai a waɗannan na’urori. Yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, amma yana iya ɗaukar bayanai masu yawa, wanda ya sa yake da amfani sosai a na’urorin hannu.
Optical disks
Bugu da ƙari, akwai optical disks kamar CD da DVD, waɗanda ke amfani da hasken laser wajen karanta rubutun bayanai. Waɗannan faya-fayai sun yi fice a wani lokaci musamman wajen rarraba manhajoji, fina-finai, da sautuka. Duk da cewa amfani da su ya ragu a wannan zamani saboda zuwan sabbin hanyoyi, sun kasance muhimman matakai a tarihin ma’ajiyar bayanai.
Cloud storage (ma’ajiyar intanet)
Ma’ajiyar intanet, wanda ake kira cloud storage, wata sabuwar hanya ce ta adana bayanai da ta samo asali sakamakon cigaban fasahar intanet. A wannan tsari, ba a adana bayanai a cikin na’urar mutum kai tsaye ba, sai dai a kan wasu manyan kwamfutoci da ake kira sabobi waɗanda suke a wurare daban-daban a duniya. Wannan yana ba da damar samun bayanai daga ko’ina muddin akwai haɗin intanet.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa’idodin ma’ajiyar intanet shi ne sauƙin samun bayanai daga ko’ina. Ba tare da la’akari da inda mutum yake ba, zai iya shiga bayanansa ta amfani da waya, kwamfuta, ko wata na’ura mai haɗin intanet. Wannan ya sauƙaƙa aiki musamman ga waɗanda ke tafiye-tafiye ko aiki a wurare daban-daban.
Haka kuma, ma’ajiyar intanet tana taimakawa wajen kare bayanai daga lalacewa. Idan na’urar mutum ta lalace ko ta ɓace, bayanan da ke cikin cloud ba sa ɓacewa domin suna ajiye ne a wani wuri daban. Wannan yana ƙara tabbatar da tsaron bayanai fiye da yadda ake samu a wasu hanyoyin ajiya.
Wani muhimmin anfani kuma shi ne sauƙin raba bayanai tsakanin mutane. Mutum zai iya aika fayil ko takarda ga wani cikin sauƙi ta hanyar ba shi damar shiga cikin wannan bayanin a cloud, ba tare da buƙatar amfani da wata na’ura ta zahiri ba.
A yau, akwai manyan kamfanoni da ke samar da irin wannan sabis na ajiyar bayanai a intanet, kamar Google Drive, Dropbox, da OneDrive. Waɗannan sun zama muhimman kayan aiki a rayuwar yau da kullum, musamman a fannin kasuwanci, ilimi, da sadarwa.
Yadda na’urorin ajiyar bayanai ke aiki
Na’urorin ajiyar bayanai suna aiki ne bisa wasu tsare-tsare na fasaha da suka bambanta da juna, amma duk suna da manufa guda ɗaya, wato rubuta bayanai, adana su, sannan a iya karanta su a duk lokacin da ake buƙata. A zahiri, duk wani bayanin da ake gani a kwamfuta ko waya ana wakiltar sa ne ta hanyar lambobi na binary, wato 0 da 1. Waɗannan lambobi su ne ake sarrafawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban gwargwadon irin na’urar ajiyar da ake amfani da ita.
A tsarin magnetic storage, kamar yadda ake samu a hard disk drive, ana amfani da ƙarfin maganadiso wajen wakiltar bayanai. A cikin wannan na’ura, akwai wasu faya-fayai da ke juyawa cikin sauri, sannan wani ƙaramin ɓangare da ake kira head yana rubuta bayanai a kansu ta hanyar sauya yanayin maganadiso. Wannan sauyin shi ne ke wakiltar 0 da 1, wanda daga baya kwamfuta ke karantawa ta fahimci bayanan. Wannan tsari yana da fa’ida wajen adana bayanai masu yawa, amma yana iya ɗaukar lokaci kaɗan wajen samun bayanai saboda motsin sassan da ke ciki.
A bangaren electronic storage, kamar SSD da USB, ana amfani da lantarki kai tsaye wajen adana bayanai a cikin ma’ajiyar flash. A nan, babu wani abu da ke motsi, sai dai ana amfani da ƙwayoyin makamashin lantarki da ake kira cells wajen riƙe bayanai. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna iya riƙe wutar lantarki ko rashin ta, wanda ke wakiltar lambobin binary. Saboda babu motsi, wannan tsari yana ba da damar samun bayanai cikin sauri sosai, kuma yana rage yiwuwar lalacewar na’ura.
A tsarin optical storage, kamar CD da DVD, ana amfani da hasken laser wajen karantawa da rubuta bayanai. Ana rubuta bayanai a kan disk ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ƙananan ramuka ko sauye-sauye a saman disk ɗin, sannan na’urar karantawa tana aika hasken laser wanda ke gano waɗannan sauye-sauyen. Wannan tsarin yana da amfani wajen rarraba bayanai kamar fina-finai da sautuka, duk da cewa a yau an rage amfani da shi saboda zuwan sabbin hanyoyi masu sauri.
Muhimmancin na’urorin ajiyar bayanai
Muhimmancin na’urorin ajiyar bayanai ba zai taƙaita ga wani fanni guda ba, domin sun shafi kusan dukkanin fannoni na rayuwar ɗan Adam a wannan zamani.
Adana bayanai
Da farko, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen adana bayanai. Duk wani aiki da ake yi a kwamfuta ko waya yana buƙatar ajiya domin kada bayanai su ɓace. Wannan yana da matuƙar muhimmanci musamman a fannoni kamar kasuwanci, ilimi, da bincike, inda ɓacewar bayanai na iya haifar da asara mai yawa.
Sauƙaƙa samun bayanai
Haka kuma, na’urorin ajiyar bayanai suna sauƙaƙa samun bayanai. Ba wai kawai suna ajiye bayanai ba ne, har ma suna ba da damar dawo da su cikin sauri da sauƙi. Wannan yana nufin cewa mutum zai iya samun duk wani bayani da yake buƙata cikin ƙanƙanin lokaci, ba tare da wahala ba. Wannan sauƙi yana taimakawa wajen inganta aiki da rage ɓata lokaci.
Sauƙaƙa aika bayanai
Bugu da ƙari, suna sauƙaƙa raba bayanai tsakanin mutane da na’urori. A yau, mutane na iya aika bayanai daga wannan wuri zuwa wani cikin sauri ta hanyar amfani da na’urorin ajiya ko intanet. Wannan ya sauƙaƙa sadarwa da haɗin kai a fannoni daban-daban, musamman a kasuwanci da ilimi.
Inganta aikin kwamfuta
Haka zalika, na’urorin ajiyar bayanai suna tallafawa dukkan ayyukan kwamfuta. Idan ba tare da su ba, kwamfuta ba za ta iya aiki yadda ya kamata ba, domin duk wata manhaja ko bayani da ake buƙata dole ne a adana ta a wani wuri. Wannan ya nuna cewa su ne tushen duk wani aiki da ake yi da kwamfuta.
Bambance-bambance tsakanin nau’o’in ajiyar bayanai
Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin nau’o’in ajiyar bayanai suna bayyana ne ta fuskar yadda suke aiki da kuma irin rawar da suke takawa a cikin tsarin kwamfuta. Ma’ajiyar ciki, wato primary storage, tana da sauri sosai domin tana aiki kai tsaye da CPU. Wannan sauri yana ba da damar gudanar da ayyuka cikin gaggawa, amma tana da iyaka a girman bayanan da zai iya ɗauka. Haka kuma, yawanci bayanan da ke cikinta ba sa ɗorewa idan aka kashe na’ura.
A gefe guda kuma, ma’ajiyar waje, wato secondary storage, tana da girman wurin ajiya mai yawa kuma tana riƙe bayanai na dindindin. Duk da cewa ba ta kai ma’ajiyar ciki sauri ba, tana da muhimmanci wajen adana bayanai na dogon lokaci. Wannan bambanci yana nuna cewa kowanne nau’i yana da nasa muhimmancin, kuma suna aiki tare domin samar da cikakken tsarin ajiyar bayanai a cikin kwamfuta.
Matsaloli da kalubale
Duk da irin muhimmancin na’urorin ajiyar bayanai, akwai matsaloli da ƙalubale da suke tattare da su.
Lalacewa
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin shi ne lalacewar na’ura. Kamar yadda kowace na’ura ke da iyaka, haka ma na’urorin ajiyar bayanai na iya lalacewa sakamakon amfani ko wasu matsaloli na fasaha. Idan hakan ta faru, yana iya haifar da ɓacewar bayanai masu muhimmanci.
Ƙarancin sarari
Haka kuma, akwai matsalar ƙarancin sararin ajiya. Duk da cewa ana ƙara ƙirƙirar na’urori masu ɗaukar bayanai masu yawa, yawan bayanai da ake samarwa a duniya yana ƙaruwa cikin sauri. Wannan yana sa mutane da kamfanoni su riƙa buƙatar ƙarin sararin ajiya akai-akai.
Tsaro
Wani babban ƙalubale shi ne tsaro. A wannan zamani na intanet, akwai barazanar satar bayanai ko shiga cikin bayanan mutane ba tare da izini ba. Wannan ya sa ake buƙatar hanyoyin kariya masu ƙarfi domin kare bayanai daga masu kutse.
Tsadar na’urori
Haka zalika, tsadar wasu sabbin na’urori na iya zama ƙalubale ga wasu masu amfani. Duk da cewa sabbin fasahohi suna da inganci, ba kowa ne zai iya samun su cikin sauƙi ba saboda farashinsu.
Makomar na’urorin ajiyar bayanai
Idan aka duba yadda fasahar ajiyar bayanai ke ci gaba, ana iya hango cewa makomarta za ta kasance mai cike da sabbin abubuwa masu ban sha’awa. Ana sa ran cewa za a ƙirƙiri na’urori da za su iya ɗaukar bayanai masu yawa fiye da yadda ake da su a yau, tare da ƙara sauri da inganci wajen sarrafawa. Haka kuma, za a ƙara inganta tsaro domin kare bayanai daga barazanar da ke ƙaruwa a duniyar intanet. Wannan zai haɗa da sabbin hanyoyin ɓoye bayanai da kuma amfani da fasahohi na zamani wajen gano hare-hare kafin su faru.
A gefe guda, ma’ajiyar intanet za ta ci gaba da yaɗuwa, inda mutane da kamfanoni za su ƙara dogaro da ita wajen adana bayanai. Wannan zai sauya yadda ake kallon ajiya daga mallakar na’ura zuwa amfani da sabis na intanet. A ƙarshe, makomar na’urorin ajiyar bayanai tana nuna cewa fasahar za ta ci gaba da sauya rayuwar ɗan Adam, tare da samar da hanyoyi masu sauƙi, sauri, da aminci wajen sarrafa bayanai a duniya.
Manazarta
The National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2020, September). Data storage technologies and systems. NIST
The Computer History Museum. (n.d.). Storage and memory.
The University of Cambridge. (n.d.). Fundamentals of computer storage.
The Open University. (2019). Devices, storage and networks.
IBM Corporation. (2021). Data storage. IBM Corporation
Sharuɗɗan Editoci
Duk maƙalun da ku ka karanta a wannan taska ta Bakandamiya, marubuta da editocinmu ne suka rubuta tare da sa idon kwamitin ba da shawara na ƙwararru. Kuma kowace maƙala da aka buga ta bi muhimman matakai na tantancewa don ganin cewa bayanan dake cikinta sun inganta.
Idan kuma an ga wani kuskure a cikin kowace maƙalarmu, a sanar da mu. Za mu yi bincike sannan mu gyara gwargwadon fahimtarmu.