Albania ƙasa ce da ke kudu maso gabashin nahiyar Turai, a yankin Balkan Peninsula, wanda tun ƙarnoni da dama ya kasance wani muhimmin wurin cuɗanyar al’adu, siyasa, da kasuwanci tsakanin Gabas da Yamma. Duk da ƙarancin girma da yawan jama’a, Albania tana da matsayi mai muhimmanci a tarihin Turai saboda rawar da ta taka a zamanin dauloli daban-daban da kuma yadda ta jure sauye-sauyen siyasa masu tsanani a ƙarni na 20.
Asalin sunan ƙasar yana da alaƙa da tsoffin kabilun da ake kira Albanoi, amma a cikin harshen ‘yan ƙasar ana kiranta da “Shqipëria.” Wannan suna yana ɗauke da ma’anar jarumta da ‘yanci, waɗanda suka zama ginshiƙai a tarihin al’ummar ƙasar. Wannan ƙarfin juriya ya bayyana sosai a lokuta daban-daban na tarihin Albania, musamman lokacin da take fuskantar mamaya daga manyan dauloli.
A tsawon tarihi, Albania ta kasance ƙarƙashin ikon Daular Roma da Byzantium, sannan daga baya ta faɗa ƙarƙashin Daular Usmaniyya na tsawon ƙarni guda. Wannan mamayar daga ɓangarori daban-daban ta haifar da cakuɗuwar al’adu da tsarin rayuwa da ke bambanta Albania da sauran ƙasashen Turai. Al’adunta sun haɗa tasirin Turai da na Gabas, wanda ya bayyana a harshe, addini, da tsarin zamantakewa.
A ƙarni na ashirin kuwa, Albania ta fuskanci wani yanayi na wariya daga duniya lokacin mulkin gurguzu, wanda ya takaita hulɗarta da sauran ƙasashe. Wannan wariya ta jawo koma baya a fannoni da dama, musamman tattalin arziki da cigaban zamantakewa. Sai dai bayan rushewar wannan tsarin a shekarun 1990s, ƙasar ta fara hawa sabon mataki na sake gina kanta ta hanyar rungumar dimokuraɗiyya da tattalin arziki ta fuskar kasuwanci.
Yanayin ƙasa da muhalli
Albania tana a wani wuri mai muhimmanci a taswirar Turai, domin tana cikin yankin Balkan Peninsula, wanda aka daɗe ana ɗaukar shi a matsayin wata mahaɗar hanyoyin kasuwanci da ƙaura tsakanin nahiyoyi. Wannan muhalli ya sa ƙasar ta kasance a tsaka-tsaki tsakanin tasirin Gabas da Yamma, wanda ya shafi tarihinta da kuma tsarin rayuwarta.
Ƙasar tana da iyaka da wasu ƙasashe na Balkan kamar Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia, da Girka, yayin da a ɓangaren yamma take da bakin teku a Tekun Adriatic, kuma a kudu maso yamma take da Tekun Ionian. Wannan kasancewa a bakin teku ya ba ta damar shiga cikin harkokin kasuwanci da sufuri na duniya, musamman a yankin Bahar Rum, wanda ya kasance cibiyar kasuwanci tun zamanin da.
Yanayin ƙasar Albania yana da matuƙar banbanci, domin yawancin ƙasar tsaunuka ne da tuddai, abin da ya sa tsarin rayuwa da tattalin arziki ya bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri. Tsaunukan da ke arewacin ƙasar, musamman waɗanda ake kira Albanian Alps, suna daga cikin muhimman siffofin ƙasar, suna kuma taka rawa wajen kare ƙasar a tarihi daga mamaya, domin suna hana shigar abokan gaba cikin sauƙi.
A gefe guda kuma, akwai wasu filayen ƙasa masu laushi musamman a bakin teku, waɗanda suka fi dacewa da noma da gina birane. Waɗannan yankuna ne suka fi jan hankalin jama’a da kuma zama cibiyar tattalin arziki. Haka kuma, akwai koguna da tafkuna masu muhimmanci da ke taimakawa wajen samar da ruwa, noma, da kuma samar da wutar lantarki.
Dangane da yanayi, Albania tana da yanayin Mediterranean a bakin teku, wanda ke da zafi a lokacin rani da sanyi mai sauƙi a lokacin hunturu. Amma a cikin ƙasar, musamman a yankunan tsaunuka, ana samun sanyi mai tsanani da dusar ƙanƙara. Wannan bambancin yanayi yana tasiri sosai a rayuwar al’umma, musamman a fannoni kamar noma, sufuri, da ma yawon buɗe ido.
Matsayin Albania na ƙasa da kuma yanayin ƙasarta sun ba ta muhimmanci na musamman a tarihi da siyasa. A da, wannan matsayi ya sa ta zama wuri da ake fafatawa a kai tsakanin dauloli, amma a yau yana ba ta damar zama gada tsakanin ƙasashen Balkan da sauran yankunan Turai. Wannan ya sa Albania take da muhimmanci a fannoni kamar tsaro, kasuwanci, da hulɗar ƙasashe.
Tsohon tarihin Albania
Tarihin Albania ya samo asali ne tun kafin zuwan Daular Roma, inda tsoffin kabilu na Illyrians suka zauna a wannan yanki, suka kafa tsarin rayuwa na gargajiya da kasuwanci. A karni na farko kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa (BCE), yankin ya shiga ikon Roma, wanda ya shafi tsarin siyasa, haraji, da gine-gine. Bayan rushewar Daular Roma ta Yamma, Albania ta faɗa ƙarƙashin tasirin Daular Byzantium, inda aka samu cigaba a fannin addini da al’adu, musamman Kiristanci.
A karni na 15 zuwa na 19, yankin ya faɗa ƙarƙashin ikon Daular Usmaniyya, wanda ya shigo da addinin Musulunci da tsarin mulki na zamani. Wannan lokacin ya kasance mai tsawo, inda Albania ta samu wani yanayi na zaman lafiya da cigaban al’adu, duk da cewa akwai wasu lokuta na juyin juya hali da gwagwarmaya da shugabanni masu mulki. A cikin wannan lokaci ne aka samu babban jagoran kasa, Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg, wanda ya jagoranci yaƙi da Usmaniyya na kusan shekaru 25 a karni na 15, ya nuna jarumtaka da ƙoƙarin karɓar ‘yanci.
Bayan rushewar Daular Usmaniyya a farkon karni na 20, Albania ta samu ‘yancin kanta a hukumance a shekarar 1912, inda ta kafa masarautar farko ta zamani karkashin Ismail Qemali. Sai dai bayan haka, ƙasar ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida da tsoma bakin ƙasashen waje, wanda ya haɗa da mamaya daga Italiya da Jamus a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II. Bayan Yaƙin, Albania ta shiga wani yanayi na juyin juya halin siyasa, wanda ya kai ga kafuwar gwamnatin gurguzu a ƙarƙashin Enver Hoxha daga 1946 zuwa 1991. Wannan tsarin gurguzu ya ware Albania daga duniya, ya takaita addini da hulɗar kasuwanci, sannan ya yi tasiri a fannin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.
Bayan rushewar tsarin gurguzu, Albania ta rungumi dimokiradiyya da tattalin arziki ta fuskar kasuwanci, ta yi ƙoƙarin sake gina tsarin siyasa, inganta ilimi, da bunƙasa tattalin arziki. Wannan yanayi ya ba da damar haɗuwar ƙasar da ƙasashen Turai, kuma ya ƙara mata muhimmanci a fagen siyasa da kasuwanci a Balkan.
Al’umma da harsuna
Al’umma
Al’ummar Albania suna da wata irin siffa ta musamman da ta samo asali daga tarihin ƙasar mai cike da sauye-sauye da haɗakar al’adu daban-daban. Duk da kasancewarta ƙasa a yankin Turai, al’ummar Albania sun bambanta da wasu ƙasashen nahiyar ta fuskar asali, harshe, da tsarin zamantakewa. Yawancin mutanen ƙasar sun fito daga ƙabila guda da ake kira Albanians, waɗanda suka samo asali daga tsoffin mutanen Illyrians, wani rukuni na mutane da suka zauna a yankin Balkan tun kafin zuwan Daular Roma.
Harshe
Harshe shi ne ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke bambanta Albania da sauran ƙasashen Turai. Harshen Albanian, wanda ake kira “Shqip,” ba ya cikin manyan rukunin harsunan Turai kamar Latin, Germanic, ko Slavic, sai dai yana da nasa rukunin na musamman. Wannan ya sa ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin harsunan Turai da suka tsira ba tare da cakuɗuwa da wasu ba sosai. Duk da haka, harshen ya fuskanci kutse daga wasu harsuna kamar Latin, Girkanci, da Turanci, musamman sakamakon hulɗa da mamaya a tarihi.
Harshen Albanian yana da manyan rassa guda biyu, wato Gheg da Tosk. Gheg ana amfani da shi a arewacin ƙasar, yayin da Tosk ake amfani da shi a kudanci. Tosk ne aka ɗauka a matsayin harshen hukuma da ake amfani da shi a makarantu, gwamnati, da kafofin watsa labarai. Wannan bambanci na harshe yana nuna yadda yanayin ƙasa da tarihi suka shafi cigaban al’umma.
Tsarin zamantakewa
A fannin zamantakewa, al’ummar Albania suna da ƙarfi wajen kula da alaƙar iyali da zumunci. Iyali suna da muhimmanci sosai, kuma ana daraja manya da tsofaffi a cikin al’umma. Haka kuma, akwai wani tsarin al’ada da ake kira “besa,” wanda ke nufin amana, gaskiya, da riƙon alƙawari. Wannan tsari yana daga cikin ginshiƙan zamantakewa a Albania, yana kuma nuna yadda ake ɗaukar daraja, mutunci da aminci a cikin al’umma.
Duk da sauye-sauyen zamani, al’ummar Albania har yanzu suna ƙoƙarin riƙe al’adunsu na gargajiya tare da rungumar sabbin abubuwa. A yau, akwai dubban matasa masu ilimi da ke shiga fannoni daban-daban na rayuwa, wanda ke nuna sauyin tsarin al’umma daga na gargajiya zuwa na zamani.
Addini da al’adu
Addini
Addini a Albania yana da wani tsari
na musamman idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashen Turai. Duk da cewa akwai mabiya addinai daban-daban, Albania ta shahara da zaman lafiya tsakanin addinai. Wannan haɗin kai ya samo asali ne daga tarihin ƙasar da ya haɗa tasirin Kiristanci da Musulunci tsawon ƙarnoni da dama.
Yawancin ‘yan ƙasar suna da alaƙa da addinin Musulunci, wanda ya shigo ƙasar a lokacin Daular Usmaniyya. Sai dai akwai kuma mabiya Kiristanci, musamman na Katolika da Orthodox. Abin lura shi ne cewa, a Albania, bambancin addini ba ya haifar da rikici sosai kamar yadda ake gani a wasu yankuna. Maimakon haka, ana ganin addini a matsayin wani ɓangare na al’ada fiye da wani abu daban.
A lokacin mulkin gurguzu, an haramta addini gabaɗaya, inda aka mayar da Albania a matsayin ƙasa marar addini a hukumance. Wannan ya sa addini ya ragu a rayuwar yau da kullum a tsakanin mutane. Amma bayan rushewar wannan tsarin, an samu dawowar ‘yancin addini, kuma mutane suka fara komawa ga addinansu, duk da cewa tasirin zamanin gurguzu har yanzu yana nan a wasu fannoni.
Al’adu
A ɓangaren al’adu kuwa, Albania na da wadatattun al’adu da suka haɗa gargajiya da tasirin kasashen waje. Kiɗa, rawa, da tufafi na gargajiya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bayyana asalin al’umma. Haka kuma, akwai al’adun bukukuwa da dama da ke nuna tarihin ƙasar da addinanta. Wani muhimmin ɓangare na al’adun Albania shi ne girmama baƙi. Ana ɗaukar baƙo da muhimmanci sosai, kuma ana ƙoƙarin karɓar shi da mutunci da karamci. Wannan al’ada tana da alaƙa da tsarin besa, wanda ke ƙarfafa gaskiya da riƙon amana.
A wannan zamani, al’adun Albania na ci gaba da sauyawa sakamakon tasirin duniya, musamman daga Turai da kafofin watsa labarai. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai ƙoƙari na kiyaye al’adun gargajiya domin kada su ɓace a cikin sauye-sauyen zamani.
Tsarin mulki
Albania tana ƙarƙashin tsarin mulkin dimokiradiyya na jam’iyyu da dama, wanda aka kafa bayan rushewar mulkin gurguzu a shekarar 1991. A wannan tsarin, shugaban ƙasa shi ne shugaban ƙasa na al’ada, wanda ake zaɓe ta hanyar majalisar dokoki, yayin da firaminista ke jagorantar ayyukan gwamnati da aiwatar da manufofi. Majalisar dokoki tana da alhakin tsara dokoki, tabbatar da gwamnati, da kuma kula da ayyukan shugabanci a ƙasa.
A karkashin tsarin mulki, akwai rabon iko tsakanin ɓangarori uku: majalisar dokoki, shugaban ƙasa, da kotun kolin. Wannan rabon iko yana ƙoƙarin tabbatar da daidaito, hana karfin ikon ɓangare guda, da kuma samar da tsarin da zai kare ‘yancin ɗan ƙasa. Haka kuma, akwai tsarin zaɓuka na kai tsaye ga manyan mukamai, wanda ke ba jama’a damar shiga cikin tsarin siyasa da kuma gudanar da zaɓe cikin gaskiya.
Bajram Begaj, shi ne shugaban ƙasar Albania mai ci.
A fannin matakai na cikin gida, gwamnatin Albania tana gudanar da mulki bisa tsarin rarraba iko tsakanin ƙananan hukumomi da gwamnatin tarayya. Wannan yana ba da dama ga al’umma su taka rawar gani a harkokin siyasa, musamman a matakin gari da ƙauyuka. Haka kuma, akwai tsarin dokoki da suka tanadi ‘yancin ɗan ƙasa, walwala, da kare hakkokin jama’a.
Tsarin mulkin Albania ya sha bamban sosai da na daular gurguzu da ta rike ƙasar fiye da shekaru 45. Yanzu, dimokiradiyya da rarraba iko sun maye gurbin tsarin ikon mallaka da tsauraran dokoki, sun ba da dam ga jama’a su shiga cikin tsarin siyasa da gudanar da gwamnati cikin gaskiya da adalci. Wannan tsarin yana daga cikin ginshiƙan da Albania ke amfani da su wajen haɗa al’adu, tattalin arziki, da siyasa domin ci gaban ƙasa.
Tattalin arziki
Tattalin arzikin Albania ya sha bamban sosai tun daga zamanin mulkin gurguzu zuwa yau. A lokacin gurguzu, tattalin arziki ya kasance mai tsauraran dokoki, inda gwamnati ke mallakar dukkan manyan masana’antu da gonaki, kuma kasuwanci da harkokin kuɗi na waje suna da iyaka sosai. Wannan tsarin ya takaita bunƙasar tattalin arziki, ya rage yawan ayyukan yi, kuma ya sanya ƙasar zama mai dogaro da wasu kayayyakin gida.
Bayan rushewar tsarin gurguzu a shekarar 1991, Albania ta fara aiwatar da tsarin tattalin arziki ta fuskar kasuwanci, inda aka ba ‘yan kasuwa da masu zuba jari damar gudanar da harkokinsu cikin ‘yanci. Noma ya kasance ginshiƙi na tattalin arziki, musamman a yankunan karkara, inda ake noma alkama, masara, hatsi, kayan lambu, da ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Haka kuma, Albania tana da arzikin dabbobi, kiwo, da kiwon kifi, wanda ke taimakawa wajen ciyar da al’umma da samar da ayyukan yi.
Masana’antu sun fara haɓaka a birane kamar Tirana, Durres, da Shkodra, inda ake samar da kayayyakin gini, kayan abinci, masana’antar tufafi, da kayan lantarki. Haka kuma, yawancin tattalin arzikin kasar ya dogara da bangaren sufuri, sadarwa, da ayyukan fasaha, wanda ke ba da damar haɗa tattalin arzikin cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje.
Arzikin Albania na da tasiri mai yawa a fannin makamashi, musamman ma albarkatun mai da iskar gas, da yake cikin wani ɓangare na yanki mai arziki a gabashin Tekun Adriatic. Sai dai, tattalin arzikin ƙasar har yanzu yana fuskantar ƙalubale kamar rashin aikin yi musamman ga matasa, ƙananan hanyoyin samun kuɗi, bambancin yawan arziki tsakanin birane da karkara, da tasirin sauyin yanayi da fari a wasu yankuna. Rashin tsaro ga tattalin arziki sakamakon canje-canje na siyasa da rashin tsayayyen shiri a farko dimokiradiyya ya kasance wani babban ƙalubale ga bunkasar tattalin arzikin ƙasar.
Muhimmancin Albania a duniya
Albania tana da muhimmanci sosai a fagen siyasa, tattalin arziki, da tsaro a yankin Balkan da Turai baki ɗaya. A fannin siyasa, Albania ta kasance memba ta ƙungiyoyi masu tasiri kamar United Nations (UN), NATO, da Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), inda take bayar da gudunmawa wajen tsaro, zaman lafiya, da hulɗa tsakanin ƙasashen Turai da Balkan.
A fannin tattalin arziki, Albania tana amfani da albarkatunta kamar ƙasa mai kyau ga noma, arzikin ma’adanai, da kuma damar zuba jari a ɓangaren masana’antu da sufuri, wanda hakan ke janyo hankalin masu zuba jari daga ƙasashen Turai da Amurka. Yankin albarkatun makamashi na teku da na kasa yana ba Albania wata dama ta kasancewa mai tasiri a harkokin samar da makamashi a yankin Adriatic da Mediterranean.
Bugu da ƙari, Albania na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa ƙasashen Balkan cikin zaman lafiya da haɗin kai, musamman ta fuskar sulhu tsakanin ƙabilu da addinai. Haka kuma, matsayin ƙasar a tarihi, al’adu, da rawar da ta taka a siyasance da tattalin arziki a Balkan da Turai yana ƙara mata tasiri a idon duniya. Wannan haɗin kai da gudunmawar tattalin arziki da siyasa sun tabbatar da cewa Albania ƙasa ce mai muhimmanci a yankin Turai da wajen sa.
Matsaloli da kalubalen Albania
Albania tana fuskantar matsaloli da ƙalubale da dama a fannoni daban-daban na rayuwa, waɗanda ke shafar tattalin arziki, siyasa, zamantakewa, da muhalli.
Rashin aikin yi
A fannin tattalin arziki, babban ƙalubale shi ne rashin aikin yi musamman ga matasa, wanda ya janyo yawaitar ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen waje don neman aikin yi. Haka kuma, rashin daidaito a rabon arziki tsakanin birane da karkara yana haifar da rashin jin daɗi a cikin al’umma, inda wasu yankuna ke samun bunƙasa yayin da wasu ke fama da talauci.
Cin hanci da rashawa
A fannin siyasa, duk da tsarin dimokiradiyya da rarraba iko, akwai ƙalubale na rashawa da ƙarancin tsayayyen shiri a wasu matakai na gwamnati, wanda ke rage ingancin gudanarwa da yanke shawara. Haka kuma, wasu rikice-rikicen siyasa na cikin gida da tsoffin ƙungiyoyin siyasa suna tasiri ga zaman lafiya da haɗin kai a ƙasar.
Ƙaura
A fannin zamantakewa, akwai ƙalubale na yawaitar ƙaura, musamman ma matasa, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ƙarfi wajen bunƙasa tattalin arzikin cikin gida. Rashin ingantaccen ilimi da damar samun lafiya a wasu yankuna na karkara na daga cikin matsalolin da ke takaita bunƙasar al’umma.
Gurɓatar muhalli da sauyin yanayi
Dangane da muhalli, Albania tana fuskantar matsaloli na sauyin yanayi, fari, ambaliyar ruwa, da yawan zubar da shara a birane, wanda ke haifar da gurbatar muhalli da barazana ga lafiyar jama’a. Bugu da ƙari, farfadowar masana’antu da ci gaban birane ba tare da tsare-tsare na muhalli ba yana ƙara matsalolin gurɓatar yanayi.
Jerin sunayen shuwagabannin Albania tun farko
- Ismail Qemali (1912–1914): Ismail Qemali shi ne jagoran da ya jagoranci ƙasar Albania wajen samun ‘yancin kai daga Daular Usmaniyya a 1912. Ya kafa gwamnatin farko ta zamani, ya kafa dokoki na farko, sannan ya jagoranci kafa majalisar dokoki da tsarin siyasa na farko a ƙasar.
- William of Wied (1914): Bayan ‘yancin kai, Albania ta yi ƙoƙarin kafa masarauta karkashin William of Wied, wanda ya kasance sarkin farko na ƙasar. Mulkinsa ya kasance gajere saboda rikice-rikicen cikin gida da tashin hankali, inda aka tilasta masa barin ƙasar a cikin shekara guda.
- Ahmet Zogu (1925–1939): Ahmet Zogu ya fara mulki a matsayin shugaban ƙasa na farko a tsarin jamhuriya a 1925, sannan daga baya ya kafa masarauta a matsayin Sarkin Zog na I a 1928. Ya gudanar da sauye-sauyen siyasa da na tattalin arziki, ya yi ƙoƙarin kawo zaman lafiya da cigaban ƙasa.
- Italiya (Mamaya) (1939–1943): A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na II, Italiya ta mamaye Albania ƙarƙashin shugabancin Victor Emmanuel III. Wannan lokacin ya kasance mai rikici, inda aka takaita ‘yancin siyasa da gudanarwa, kuma an yi amfani da ƙasar wajen ayyukan soja na Italiya.
- Gjergj Fishta da ƙungiyoyin ƙasa (1943–1944): Bayan rushewar mulkin Italiya, Albania ta fuskanci rikice-rikicen cikin gida, inda wasu ƙungiyoyi na ƙasar suka ɗauki iko na ɗan lokaci kafin kafuwar gwamnatin gurguzu.
- Enver Hoxha (1946–1985): Enver Hoxha shi ne shugaba mafi dogon zangon mulki a Albania, wanda ya kafa gwamnatin gurguzu mai tsauraran dokoki. Ya ware ƙasar daga duniya, ya hana addini sosai, kuma ya mallaki dukkan masana’antu da harkokin tattalin arziki, ya kafa tsari mai tsauri na siyasa da zamantakewa.
- Ramiz Alia (1985–1992): Ramiz Alia ya gaji mulkin Enver Hoxha, inda ya yi ƙoƙarin sassauta wasu dokoki, amma gwamnatin gurguzu ta ci gaba har zuwa rushewar tsarin gurguzu a 1991–1992.
- Sali Berisha (1992–1997): Sali Berisha ya zama shugaban ƙasa na farko a tsarin dimokiradiyya mai jam’iyyu da dama. Ya jagoranci sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki, siyasa, da shigar Albania cikin tsarin kasuwanci.
- Rexhep Meidani (1997–2002): Rexhep Meidani ya jagoranci Albania a lokacin da ƙasar ke farfadowa daga rikice-rikicen siyasa da tattalin arziki, ya yi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da zaman lafiya da daidaito.
- Alfred Moisiu (2002–2007): Alfred Moisiu ya ci gaba da tabbatar da tsayayyen tsarin dimokiradiyya da haɗin kai tsakanin jam’iyyun siyasa, ya mai da hankali kan inganta harkokin ilimi da tsaro.
- Bamir Topi (2007–2012): Bamir Topi ya jagoranci ƙasar tare da ƙarfafa dangantaka da ƙasashen Turai da NATO, ya mai da hankali kan farfadowar tattalin arziki da kyautata rayuwar al’umma.
- Bujar Nishani (2012–2017): Bujar Nishani ya ci gaba da inganta tsarin dimokiradiyya, kare hakkokin ɗan ƙasa, da tallafa wa cigaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa.
- Ilir Meta (2017–2022): Ilir Meta ya kasance shugaban ƙasa yayin da Albania ke ci gaba da haɗa kai da ƙasashen Turai, bunkasa harkokin tattalin arziki, da ƙarfafa tsarin dimokiradiyya a cikin gida.
- Bajram Begaj (2022–Yanzu): Bajram Begaj shi ne shugaban ƙasa mai ci, wanda ya mayar da hankali kan tabbatar da zaman lafiya, inganta tattalin arziki, da haɗa Albania da tsarin siyasa da kasuwanci na Turai da duniya baki ɗaya.
Manazarta
British Broadcasting Corporation. (2024). Albania country profile. BBC News.
Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2024). Albania. Britannica
Nations Online Project. (2024). Albania country profile. Nations Online Project.
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. (2024). Albania.
The World Bank. (2024). Albania overview.
United Nations. (2024). UN data country profile: Albania. United Nations.
Sharuɗɗan Editoci
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