Goro ɗan itaciya ne mai dogon tarihi da tasiri. Muhimmancinsa a rayuwar al’ummu daban-daban a faɗin duniya musamman ma Afirka, ya haɗa da zamowarsa abinci, magani, abin girmama baƙo, abin amfanin al’ada, hanyar neman kuɗi da sauran su.
Matsayin goro ga lafiya, shi ne abin da ya zama fagen cece-ku-ce a tsakanin jama’a. Sai dai, duk da illar da goron ke yi wa lafiyar ɗan’adam kamar yadda ake ta yayatawa, binciken masana ya tabbatar da cewa, amfanin goro ga lafiyar ɗan’adam ya fi illolinsa yawa. Yana wanke baki, yana ƙara kuzari, yana gusar da yunwa da ƙishin ruwa, yana wartsakar da jiki sannan kuma yana ɗauke da sinadaran magani da sauran abubuwa masu tarin yawa.
A kimiyyance ana kiran itaciyar da ke samar da goro da Cola nitida ko kuma Cola acuminate wadda ke da asali da Afirka, ake kuma noma ta a ƙasashen Najeriya, Kamaru, Ghana, Benin, Ivory Coast, Brazil da West Indian Islands wadda a duk shekara ake noma samada tan 300,000.
Goro, yana kan gaba a cikin muhimman hajojin da aka kwashe shekaru ana cinikinsu a zamanin Kasuwancin Hamada na Yammacin Afirka.
Tarihin samuwar goro
Goro, abu ne mai dogon tarihi, wadda sanin takamaiman lokacin da duniya, musamman Afirka ta Yamma ta fara noma wannan itaciya abu ne da ba a kai ga tantance shi ba kimiyyance. Sai dai, binciken kimiyyar tarihi; akiyoloji na baya-bayan nan da aka gudanar a garin Togu Missiri kusa da garin Ségou a ƙasar Mali, ya tabbatar da samuwar guntattakin itaciyar goro mai suna Cola cf Nitida a kimiyyanci da ke alamta samuwar goron a cikin jerin hajojin da aka yi hada-hadarsu tun cikin ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya zuwa ƙarni na goma sha huɗu a zamanin kasuwanci Sahara trade.
Goro, musamman ma Cola nitida, yana cikin muhimman hajoji a kasuwancin Afirka tun shekaru aru-aru da suka shuɗe. Abin da ke tabbatar da jimawar wannan itaciya a duniya. A taƙaice dai, goro ya haura shekara dubu a duniya.
Asalin goro
Masana da dama sun haɗu a kan cewa, Goro ɗan Yammacin Afirka (West Africa) ne.
Ire-iren sunayen
Goro, yana da sunaye da yawan gaske da suka bambanta da bambancin harshe ko yanki. Sunansa na gama-gari a Hausance shi ne goro, a Turance Kola nut ko Kolanut, a Yarabance obi, a Ibonci kuma oji sai kuma a kimiyyance da ake kiran wasu daga cikin nau’ukan da suka fi shahara da cola nitida, cola acuminata, cola verticillata da kuma cola anomala.
Nau’ikan goro
Masana sun bayyana cewa, goro yana da nau’ikan da yawansu ya haura 140 a duniya tare da cewa, guda hamsin daga ciki duk a Afirka ake noma su. Nau’iku huɗu daga ciki da suka haɗa da Cola nitida, Cola acuminata, Cola verticillata da Cola anomala, su suka fi shahara tare kuma da amfani a kasuwancin Afirka.
Sinadaran da ke cikin goro
Masana sun zayyano waɗannan sinadarai masu zuwa a matsayin sinadaran da goro yake ɗauke da su.
- Theobromine: Yana ƙarfafar damatsu (Muscles).
- Caffeine: Yana aiki a ɓangaren sassan isar da saƙo (central nervous system).
- Kolatin: Yana aiki a ɓangaren zuciya.
- Glucose: Yana bai wa dukkan jiki kuzari.
Amfanin goro
Ta fuskar lura da waɗancan muhimman sinadarai guda huɗu da aka zayyano a sama, za a ga cewa, goro yana da matuƙar amfani ga rayuwar ‘yan’adama. Masana da dama, sun bayyana ɗimbin alfanu da goro yake da shi gwargwadon fahimta.
A Afirka, ana yin amfani da goro a matsayin kuɗi, bukukuwan addini, ko kuma ƙulla yarjejeniyar zumunta (kamar aure da sauransu) kamar yadda aka wallafa a shafin Jami’ar California ta ƙasar Amurka.
Goro yana da amfani wajen warkar da cututtukan da idan suka taso za a kashe maƙudan kuɗaɗe wajen warkar da su ta hanyar shan magani kamar yadda aka saba. Don haka ya kamata a ƙarfafa gwiwar cin goro. Ke nan, a bisa wannan hujja za a fahimci cewa, cin goro yana zama riga-kafin kamuwa da wasu cututtuka.
Cututtukan da goro ke warkarwa
Ga kaɗan daga cikin irin cututtukan da goro yake warkarwa:
- Maganin jiri.
- Ƙara ƙarfin jima’i.
- Maganin ciwon kai.
- Ƙara ɗanɗano ga ruwa maras daɗi.
- Maganin tashin zuciya.
- Ƙarin Kuzari.
- Tallafa wa kewayawar jini
- Taƙaita yaɗuwar bakteriya mai cutarwa.
- Taimaka wa narkewar abinci.
- Rage barazanar kamuwa da cutar kansar da damuwa (prostrate cancer) ke haifarwa.
Illolin da goro ke yi
Duk da irin ɗimbin alfanu da cin goro ke haifarwa, to kuma ba zai rasa tasgaro ba. An gano alfanu mai tarin yawa dangane da cin goro, duk kuwa da illolin da ke tattare da yin haka idan aka yawaita cinsa kuma cikin lokaci mai tsawo. Abin nufi, ɗaukar tsawon shekaru ana yawaita cin goro shi ke haifar da matsala ga lafiyar bil’adama.
A wani binciken haɗin guiwa da Alaribe, Ejezie, da Ezedinachi (2003), suka gudanar, sun bayyana cewa, yawan cin goro yana haɓɓaƙa ƙwayar cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro (malaria) tare da kwaikwayon ɗabi’un zazzaɓin cizon sauron awasu lokuta.
Saboda haka idan har mai cin goro zai ci kaɗan a yini, to goro zai yi masa magani, idan kuma zai riƙa gabzarsa kamar tuwo, to wani lokaci mai zuwa a gaba goron zai zamar masa illa.
Kasuwancin goro
Goro tsohuwar haja ce da ke ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hajojin fataucin Hausawa zuwa yankin Kogin Volta, da ke cikin ƙasar Ghana a yanzu, yana ɗaya daga cikin manya-manyan kasuwancin Yammacin Afirka.
A cikin ƙarni na goma sha tara, ana samun dubbanmutane suna yin tafiyar sama da kilomita dubu ɗari tara zuwa Asante domin sayar da hajojinsu tare kuma da saro goro.
Har zuwa kawo wannan shekara ta 2025 ana jigilar goro daga Najeriya zuwa ƙasashen Asia, Australia, Tsakiyar Amurka (CentralAmerica), Kudancin Amurka (South America), Amurka ta Arewa (North America), Turai ta Gabas (Eastern Europe), Turai ta Yamma (Western Europe) Afirka ta Tsakiya, Afirka ta Arewa, da sauran sassan duniya.
Akwai wasu kasuwanni a cikin birnin Kano da ke Najeriya waɗanda cinikayyar goro kawai ake yi a cikinsu. Kasuwar Ujile, da Kasuwar Mariri sun keɓanta da sayar da wannan haja. Tare da haka kuma, kusan dukkan kasuwannin da ke Kano akan samu rumfunan da ke sayar da wannan haja.
Manazarta
Gestrich, N., Champion, L., Keïta, D., Coulibaly, N., & Fuller, D. Q. (2021). Evidence of an Eleventh-Century AD Cola Nitida Trade into the Middle Niger Region. African Archaeological Review, 38(3), 403–418.
The kola nut: West African commodity in the Atlantic world. (n.d.).
Starin, D. (2013). Kola nut: so much more than just a nut. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 106(12), 510–512.
Ugwu, N. et’al (2020). Health implications of kolanut production and consumption. World Journal of Advanced Research
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Duk maƙalun da kuka karanta a wannan taska ta Bakandamiya, marubuta da editocinmu ne suka rubuta. Kuma kowace maƙala da aka buga ta bi muhimman matakai na tantancewa don ganin cewa bayanan dake cikinta sun inganta.
Idan kuma an ga wani kuskure a cikin kowace maƙalarmu, a sanar da mu. Za mu yi bincike sannan mu gyara gwargwadon fahimtarmu.
